敏

敏 U+654F, 敏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-654F ← 敎 [U+654E] CJK Unified Ideographs 敐 → [U+6550]

敏 U+FA41, 敏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA41 ← 懲 [U+FA40] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 既 → [U+FA42]

敏 U+2F8C8, 敏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C8 ← 㩬 [U+2F8C7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 敬 → [U+2F8C9]

Translingual

Han character

敏 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人卜人大 (OYOK), four-corner 8854₀, composition ⿰每攵 or ⿰毎攵)

1. fast, quick, clever, smart
2. A given name

Derived characters

• 𠍁, 𠽊, 𪤓, 𢄯, 𭛿, 𢠨, 𢳺, 𭲅, 𪱃, 𣙕, 𤨨, 𰴈, 𥼖, 𬥧, 𪪉, 䲄, 𪉾
• 𭔍, 𭄼, 𭒘, 慜, 𤛎, 繁, 瀪, 鰵(鳘), 𪄴

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13202
• Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 1
• Unihan data for U+654F

• Unihan data for U+FA41

• Unihan data for U+2F8C8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		敏
alternative forms		勄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敏
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脢	*mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	*mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	*ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	*mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	*mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	*hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ): phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ) + semantic 攴 (“hand; action”). The 攴 component was sometimes written as 又 (“hand”) in early writing.

Etymology

Compare Burmese မြန် (mran, “quick, fast”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mǐn (min³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min³

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mìn

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mǐn

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): man⁵

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): man⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): men⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): min³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mén

  (Hailu, HRS): men^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mên³

• Jin (Wiktionary): ming²
• Northern Min (KCR): měng
• Eastern Min (BUC): mīng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miang² / miêng²

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mieng²

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): man⁵
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶min / ³min / ⁴min / ²min
  • (Jinhua): ³min
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
    • Wade–Giles: min³
    • Yale: mǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
    • Palladius: минь (minʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: min³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min⁵³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: mìn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miẽ⁵³/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: mǐn
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): min³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mĩ¹¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: man⁵
    • Yale: máhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn¹³/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: man⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: men⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐben²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: min³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén
    • Hakka Romanization System: men^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men³
    • Sinological IPA: /men³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: men^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /men²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mên³
    • Sinological IPA: /mɛn³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ming²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: měng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bín
    • Tâi-lô: bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: miang² / miêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáng / miéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miaŋ⁵²/, /mieŋ⁵²/

Note:

• miang2 - Shantou;
• miêng2 - Chaozhou.

• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: mieng²
    • Sinological IPA: /mieŋ³¹/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: man⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁶min
    • MiniDict: min^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /miŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³min
    • MiniDict: 'min^上
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /miŋ³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /miŋ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ʔmin⁴²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /min⁵¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /miŋ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /min⁵³/
  • (Northern: Jiaxing, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁴min
    • MiniDict: min^上
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /min²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /miŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²min
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /miŋ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ³min
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /miŋ⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: min³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 敏
Mandarin	Beijing	/min²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/min²¹³/
	Tianjin	/min¹³/
	Jinan	/miẽ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/miə̃⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/min⁵³/
	Xi'an	/miẽ⁵³/
	Xining	/miə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/miŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/mĩn⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/miŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/min⁴²/
	Chengdu	/min⁵³/
	Guiyang	/min⁴²/
	Kunming	/mĩ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/min²¹²/
	Hefei	/min²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/miəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/miŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/mĩŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/miŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/min⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/min⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/meŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/miʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/min³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/min⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/min⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/min²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/men³¹/
	Taoyuan	/mien²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐn²³/
	Nanning	/mɐn²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/mɐn¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/bin⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/miŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/meiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/miaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/min²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: minX

Rime
Character	敏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	眉殞切
Baxter	minX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚinX/
Shao Rongfen	/mienX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjinX/
Li Rong	/mjĕnX/
Wang Li	/mǐĕnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯʔ/, /*mrɯŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ minX ›
Old Chinese	/*mrə[n]ʔ/ (~ *mrəʔ)
English	diligent, active
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敏	敏
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9296	9297
Phonetic component	母	母
Rime group	之	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	愍	愍
Old Chinese	/*mrɯʔ/	/*mrɯŋʔ/

Definitions

敏

1. quick
2. clever

Compounds

• 不敏 (bùmǐn)
• 伶俐聰敏 / 伶俐聪敏
• 俊敏
• 光敏作用
• 光敏症
• 勤敏
• 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ)
• 心閑手敏 / 心闲手敏
• 恪敏
• 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
• 敏士
• 敏感 (mǐngǎn)
• 敏感度
• 敏感話題 / 敏感话题
• 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
• 敏捷 (mǐnjié)
• 敏於伎 / 敏于伎
• 敏給 / 敏给
• 敏練慈愷 / 敏练慈恺
• 敏豆 (mǐndòu)
• 敏贍 / 敏赡
• 敏銳 / 敏锐 (mǐnruì)
• 敬謝不敏 / 敬谢不敏
• 機敏 / 机敏 (jīmǐn)
• 熱敏性 / 热敏性
• 熱敏電阻 / 热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
• 神經過敏 / 神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
• 穎敏 / 颖敏
• 精敏
• 聰敏 / 聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
• 膚敏 / 肤敏
• 西敏宮 / 西敏宫
• 西敏寺 (Xīmǐnsì)
• 辨敏
• 過敏 / 过敏 (guòmǐn)
• 過敏原 / 过敏原 (guòmǐnyuán)
• 遜志時敏 / 逊志时敏
• 銳敏 / 锐敏 (ruìmǐn)
• 開敏 / 开敏
• 靈敏 / 灵敏 (língmǐn)
• 靈敏度 / 灵敏度