暖

See also: 煖

暖 U+6696, 暖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6696 ← 暕 [U+6695] CJK Unified Ideographs 暗 → [U+6697]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

暖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月一水 (ABME), four-corner 6204₇, composition ⿰日爰)

Derived characters

• 𧞈

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14064
• Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1525, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6696

Chinese

simp. and trad.		暖
alternative forms		煖 㬉 煗 𤆱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	*noːnʔ, *qʰʷan
喛	*qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	*qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːnʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan). Later also used as a variant of 煖／暖 which is used as another word with different pronunciation.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): nuǎn (nuan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄢˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nuan³

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nuàn

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nyun⁵

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): noen⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): non⁴ / non¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): lon³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): nôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): non¹ / non³

• Jin (Wiktionary): nuan²
• Northern Min (KCR): nǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): nuāng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nuang³ / nuong³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): loán / lún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nuang²

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): nun⁵
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶noe / ³nuon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nuǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: nuan³
    • Yale: nwǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: noan
    • Palladius: нуань (nuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯än²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nuan³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: luan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuan⁵³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: nuàn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuã⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: nyun⁵
    • Yale: nyúhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nyn⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: nün⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nyːn¹³/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: noen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nøn¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: non⁴ / non¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdᵘɔn²¹/, /ⁿdᵘɔn³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: non^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: non¹
    • Sinological IPA: /non²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: non¹ / non³
    • Sinological IPA: /nɔn⁴⁴/, /nɔn³¹/

Note:

• Meixian:
  • non1 - vernacular;
  • non3 - literary.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: nuan²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /nuæ̃⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nuāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuaŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nuang³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nuâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuaŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nuong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuoŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán
    • Tâi-lô: luán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loarn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /luan⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
    • Tâi-lô: lún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luon
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
• loán - literary;
• lún - vernacular.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luéng / luáng / nuáng / juáng / juéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lueŋ⁵²/, /luaŋ⁵²/, /nuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zueŋ⁵²/
Note:
• luêng2 - Chaozhou;
• luang2 - Shantou, Raoping;
• nuang2 - Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• ruêng2 - Chaozhou (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”));
• ruang2 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”)).
• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: nuang²
    • Sinological IPA: /nuaŋ³¹/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: nun⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nun²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁶noe
    • MiniDict: noe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /nø²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /nø¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³nuon
    • MiniDict: 'nuon^上
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /nuõ⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lonn³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lõ⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: nwanX

Rime
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	乃管切
Baxter	nwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuɑnX/
Pan Wuyun	/nʷɑnX/
Shao Rongfen	/nuɑnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nwanX/
Li Rong	/nuɑnX/
Wang Li	/nuɑnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuɑnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nyun5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*noːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
No.	16157
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	煗
Old Chinese	/*noːnʔ/
Notes	煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗

Definitions

暖

1. warm; toasty
2. (transitive) to warm; to warm up

Synonyms

• (to warm) 暖和 (nuǎnhuo)

Compounds

• 暖化 (nuǎnhuà)
• 暖和
• 暖呼呼
• 暖壺 / 暖壶 (nuǎnhú)
• 暖心 (nuǎnxīn)
• 暖房 (nuǎnfáng)
• 暄暖
• 暖暖 (Nuǎnnuǎn)
• 暖東 / 暖东 (Nuǎndōng)
• 暖氣 / 暖气 (nuǎnqì)
• 暖水瓶 (nuǎnshuǐpíng)
• 暖流 (nuǎnliú)
• 暖洋洋 (nuǎnyángyáng)
• 暖烘烘 (nuǎnhōnghōng)
• 暖爐 / 暖炉 (nuǎnlú)
• 暖瓶 (nuǎnpíng)
• 暖笠笠
• 暖簾 / 暖帘 (nuǎnlián)
• 暖色 (nuǎnsè)
• 暖融融 (nuǎnróngróng)
• 暖西 (Nuǎnxī)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xuān (xuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
    • Wade–Giles: hsüan¹
    • Yale: sywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
    • Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hyun¹
    • Yale: hyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hün¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

暖

1. used in 暖姝
2. used in 暖暖 (xuānxuān)