熬

熬 U+71AC, 熬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AC ← 熫 [U+71AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 熭 → [U+71AD]

Translingual

Han character

熬 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土大火 (GKF) or 手大火 (QKF) or 難手大火 (XQKF), four-corner 5833₄, composition ⿱敖灬)

Derived characters

• 𭋣, 𮜡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 680, character 41
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19352
• Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 4
• Unihan data for U+71AC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熬
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
熬	*ŋaːw, *qaːw
敖	*ŋaːw
嗷	*ŋaːw
螯	*ŋaːw
聱	*ŋaːw, *ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw
驁	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鰲	*ŋaːw
遨	*ŋaːw
獒	*ŋaːw
滶	*ŋaːw
蔜	*ŋaːw
鷔	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鼇	*ŋaːw
謷	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws, *ŋraːw
嶅	*ŋaːw
嗸	*ŋaːw
摮	*ŋaːw
嫯	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鏊	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
傲	*ŋaːws
磝	*ŋraːw

Etymology 1

trad.		熬
simp. #		熬
alternative forms		𤏺 𤎅 敖

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्‌सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): áo (ao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngàu
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): go²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ngâu / gô / gô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁵ / hao⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: áo
    • Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: áo
    • Wade–Giles: ao²
    • Yale: áu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
    • Palladius: ао (ao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
    • Yale: ngòuh / ngàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngou⁴ / ngao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou̯²¹/, /ŋaːu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngau^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngau²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: go²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: go²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
    • Tâi-lô: ngâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
    • Tâi-lô: gôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²⁴/

Note:

• ngâu - vernacular;
• gô/gô͘ - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngao⁵ / hao⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâu / hâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau⁵⁵/, /hau⁵⁵/
Note: hao5 - in 熬夜.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngau
    • MiniDict: ngau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngaw

Rime
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五勞切
Baxter	ngaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaw/
Li Rong	/ŋɑu/
Wang Li	/ŋɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	áo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤaw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	áo
Middle Chinese	‹ ngaw ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁaw/
English	fry, roast (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/2
No.	38
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敖
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːw/

Definitions

熬

1. to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat
2. (figurative) to endure
3. a surname, Ao

Synonyms

• (to cook something on slow fire): (Hokkien) 液

Compounds

• 乾熬 / 干熬
• 心癢難熬 / 心痒难熬
• 打熬
• 焦熬投石
• 煎熬 (jiān'áo)
• 熬不住
• 熬不過 / 熬不过
• 熬出頭 / 熬出头
• 熬刑
• 熬夜 (áoyè)
• 熬審 / 熬审
• 熬心血
• 熬枯受淡
• 熬油
• 熬清守淡
• 熬煮
• 熬煉 / 熬炼
• 熬煎 (áojiān)
• 熬熬
• 熬磨 (áomó)
• 熬糖
• 熬膏
• 熬藥 / 熬药 (áoyào)
• 熬頭 / 熬头 (áotou)
• 熬頭兒 / 熬头儿
• 熬鷹 / 熬鹰
• 苦熬
• 難熬 / 难熬 (nán'áo)

Etymology 2

trad.		熬
simp. #		熬
alternative forms		爊 𤏶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): āo, áo

  (Zhuyin): ㄠ, ㄠˊ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngāu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: āo
    • Zhuyin: ㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ao
    • Wade–Giles: ao¹
    • Yale: āu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: au
    • Palladius: ао (ao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: áo
    • Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: áo
    • Wade–Giles: ao²
    • Yale: áu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
    • Palladius: ао (ao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngāu
    • Tâi-lô: ngāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋãu²²/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	2/2
No.	57
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𤏶
Old Chinese	/*qaːw/
Notes	𤏶今字

Definitions

熬

1. to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer

Compounds

• 熬心 (āoxīn)
• 熬惱 / 熬恼
• 熬碴兒 / 熬碴儿
• 熬膩 / 熬腻
• 熬菜
• 熬頭 / 熬头 (āotou)

References

• “熬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “熬”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 221.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 熬

熬

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. parch
2. roast

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan-on: ごう (gō)
• Kun: いる (iru, 熬る)

Korean

Hanja

熬 (eum 오 (o))

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Vietnamese

Han character

熬: Hán Nôm readings: ngao

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