礱

See also: 砻

礱 U+7931, 礱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7931 ← 礰 [U+7930] CJK Unified Ideographs 礲 → [U+7932]

Translingual

Han character

礱 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+16, 21 strokes, cangjie input 難卜心一口 (XYPMR) or 卜心一口 (YPMR), four-corner 0160₁, composition ⿱龍石)

1. grind, hull (rice)
2. whetstone

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24586
• Dae Jaweon: page 1256, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2464, character 13
• Unihan data for U+7931

Chinese

trad.		礱
simp.		砻
alternative forms		鑨／𰽦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
驡	*ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ
龐	*broːŋ
瀧	*rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ
籠	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ
豅	*roːŋ
朧	*roːŋ, *roŋs
龓	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
聾	*roːŋ
礱	*roːŋ, *roːŋs
嚨	*roːŋ
蘢	*roːŋ, *roŋ
櫳	*roːŋ
襱	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ
瓏	*roːŋ
曨	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
鸗	*roːŋ, *roŋ
蠪	*roːŋ
巃	*roːŋʔ
竉	*roːŋʔ
攏	*roːŋʔ
儱	*roːŋʔ, *roŋs
龍	*b·roŋ, *mroːŋ
躘	*roŋ, *roŋs
隴	*roŋʔ
壠	*roŋʔ
壟	*roŋʔ
寵	*r̥ʰoŋʔ
龏	*kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lóng (long²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lang² / lorng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâng / lông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
    • Wade–Giles: lung²
    • Yale: lúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
    • Palladius: лун (lun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lung⁴
    • Yale: lùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: lung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lung²
    • Sinological IPA: /luŋ¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: láng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ló̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒŋ²⁴/

Note:

• lang2 - vernacular;
• lorng2 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
    • Tâi-lô: lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /laŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
    • Tâi-lô: lông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/
Note:
• lâng - vernacular;
• lông - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lon
    • MiniDict: lon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: luwng, luwngH

Rime
Character	礱	礱
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	盧紅切	盧貢切
Baxter	luwng	luwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwŋ/	/ləwŋH/
Li Rong	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Wang Li	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/luŋ/	/luŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng	lòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung4	lung6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*roːŋ/, /*roːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礱	礱
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8418	8435
Phonetic component	龍	龍
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	籠	弄
Old Chinese	/*roːŋ/	/*roːŋs/

Definitions

礱

1. to grind; to mill

Compounds

• 磨礱砥礪 / 磨砻砥砺
• 礱厲 / 砻厉
• 礱淬利器 / 砻淬利器
• 礱磨 / 砻磨
• 礱穀機 / 砻谷机 (lónggǔjī)
• 礱糠 / 砻糠

References

• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “礱”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• William Campbell (1913), A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, pages 424, 457, 479.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “砻”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 144.
• “礱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

礱

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. grind
2. sharpen
3. mill

Readings

• On (unclassified): ろう (rō)、る (ru)
• Kun: とぐ (togu)

Korean

Hanja

礱 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)

1. grind
2. pound
3. millstone