纍

See also: 累

纍 U+7E8D, 纍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E8D ← 續 [U+7E8C] CJK Unified Ideographs 纎 → [U+7E8E]

Translingual

Han character

纍 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 田田田火 (WWWF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱畾糸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 942, character 43
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28039
• Dae Jaweon: page 1382, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3466, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7E8D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
摞	*roːl, *roːls
騾	*roːl
螺	*roːl
蔂	*roːl, *rul
虆	*roːl, *rul
瘰	*roːlʔ
礌	*ruːl, *ruːls
雷	*ruːl
擂	*ruːl, *ruːls
攂	*ruːl, *ruːls
礧	*ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃	*ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳	*ruːl
畾	*ruːl
轠	*ruːl, *rulʔ
罍	*ruːl
蕾	*ruːlʔ
癗	*ruːlʔ
磥	*ruːlʔ
累	*ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽	*ruːls, *rul
樏	*rolʔ, *rul
鸓	*rul, *rulʔ
嫘	*rul
纍	*rul, *ruls
欙	*rul
纝	*rul
壘	*rulʔ
櫐	*rulʔ
蘽	*rulʔ
藟	*rulʔ
讄	*rulʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rul, *ruls): phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl) + semantic 糸 (“fine silk”). The original meaning is "rope; to bind", hence any reference to being tired after hard work in the fields or after sewing is a folk etymology based on modern meaning.

Etymology

“to bind; rope”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rej ~ s-rwi(j) (“obscure internal channel; cord; string; creeper; cane; rattan”); cognate with Mizo hrui (“creeper; cane; rope”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “kind of creeper; tree (in compounds)”).

Related to 虆 (OC *roːl, *rul, “creeper; rambler”), 藟 (OC *rulʔ, “to wind; creeper”) (Wang, 1982).

Proto-Tai *roːjꟲ (“to string together”) (whence Thai ร้อย (rɔ́ɔi)) may be a loan from Chinese (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Also see 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		纍/累*
simp.		累*

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): léi (lei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): lùi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûi
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: léi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: léi
    • Wade–Giles: lei²
    • Yale: léi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
    • Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: leoi⁴
    • Yale: lèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lùi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
    • Tâi-lô: luî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lui²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lui²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶le
    • MiniDict: le^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lwij

Rime
Character	纍
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力追切
Baxter	lwij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwi/
Li Rong	/lui/
Wang Li	/lwi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	léi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]uj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	纍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	léi
Middle Chinese	‹ lwij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]uj/
English	to wind around, bind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	纍
Reading #	1/2
No.	7741
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	㶟
Old Chinese	/*rul/
Notes	見爾雅

Definitions

纍

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stitch, link or bind together in an orderly fashion
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to twist around; to wind around
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to confine; to impound; to imprison

   alt. forms: 儽

4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be killed despite being innocent; to die of persecution
5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) container for armour
6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 縲 / 缧 (léi, “rope”)
7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 㹎 (léi, “bull in mating season”)
8. a surname

Compounds

• 印纍綬若 / 印累绶若
• 湘纍 / 湘累
• 繫纍 / 系累
• 纍囚 / 累囚
• 纍堆 / 累堆
• 纍牛 / 累牛
• 纍瓦結繩 / 累瓦结绳
• 纍紲 / 累绁 (léixiè)
• 纍纍 / 累累 (léiléi)
• 纍臣 / 累臣

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 纍 – see 累 (“to pile up; repeated”). (This character is a variant form of 累).

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 纍 – see 累 (“to involve; to implicate”). (This character is a variant form of 累).

Japanese

Kanji

纍

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 累)

1. bind
2. wind about
3. link
4. join

Readings

• Go-on: るい (rui)^{←るゐ (rwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: るい (rui)^{←るゐ (rwi, historical)}
• On: らい (rai)
• Kun: つづる (tsuzuru, 纍る)

Korean

Hanja

纍 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

纍: Hán Nôm readings: lũy/luỹ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation