罅

See also: 𦉑

罅 U+7F45, 罅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F45 ← 罄 [U+7F44] CJK Unified Ideographs 罆 → [U+7F46]

Translingual

Han character

罅 (Kangxi radical 121, 缶+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人山卜心木 (OUYPD), four-corner 8174₉, composition ⿰缶虖)

Derived characters

• 嚹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 945, character 47
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28169
• Dae Jaweon: page 1386, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2938, character 16
• Unihan data for U+7F45

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 罅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
罅	*qʰraːs
呼	*qʰaː
軤	*qʰaː
苸	*qʰaː
嘑	*qʰaː
歑	*qʰaː
謼	*qʰaː, *qʰaːs
滹	*qʰaː
乎	*ɢaː
虖	*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
嫭	*ɢaːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰraːs): phonetic 虖 (OC *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa) + semantic 缶 (“pot”)

Etymology 1

trad.		罅
simp. #		罅
alternative forms		㙤／㙈／𱗫 𨻲／䖎／𱀸 𤗭／𤗑／𤗕 𥕕／𮀽／𱴭 鏬／鎼／𨩽／𨩝 erroneous 㙤／㙈／𱗫 𨻲／䖎／𱀸 𤗭／𤗑／𤗕 𥕕／𮀽／𱴭 鏬／鎼／𨩽／𨩝 erroneous 𧇍 𦉏 𦉑 𨄥 𨽯 𰧩 𡨄

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “are the Cantonese and Hakka readings related?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xià (xia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laa³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): la⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): la

  (Meixian, Guangdong): la⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hà / hèe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hia³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xià
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sià
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
    • Yale: syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laa³
    • Yale: la
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: la³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laː³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: la⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /la²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la
    • Hakka Romanization System: la
    • Hagfa Pinyim: la⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /la⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: la⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /la⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hà
    • Tâi-lô: hà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hax
    • IPA (Taipei): /ha¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ha²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèe
    • Tâi-lô: hèe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hia³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hià
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xaeH

Rime
Character	罅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呼訝切
Baxter	xaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/xaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨH/
Li Rong	/xaH/
Wang Li	/xaH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罅
Reading #	1/1
No.	5180
Phonetic component	乎
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	嚇
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːs/

Definitions

罅

1. crack; gap; rift; split (Classifier: 條／条 c)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 縫 (“gap; crack”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		縫, 縫隙, 罅隙
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	縫兒
	Harbin	縫子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	縫兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	縫兒
	Wanrong	縫兒
	Xi'an	縫子
	Xuzhou	縫子, 縫兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	縫縫
	Wuhan	縫縫, 縫
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	縫
	Hefei	縫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	罅
	Hong Kong	罅
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	罅
	Macau	罅
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	罅
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	罅
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	罅
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	罅
	Foshan	罅
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	罅
	Foshan (Shunde)	罅
	Foshan (Sanshui)	罅
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	罅
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	罅
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	罅
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	罅
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	裂
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	裂
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	罅
	Taishan	罅
	Kaiping (Chikan)	罅
	Enping (Niujiang)	罅
	Heshan (Yayao)	罅
	Dongguan	罅
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	罅
	Yangjiang	罅
Gan	Nanchang	縫
Hakka	Meixian	必罅, 縫
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	罅
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	罅
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	罅
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	罅
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	裂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	縫仔, 罅
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	縫仔, 罅
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	縫仔, 罅
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	縫, 罅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	縫仔, 縫, 罅
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	縫
Jin	Taiyuan	縫兒, 縫縫
Northern Min	Jian'ou	縫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	縫縫
Southern Min	Xiamen	縫
	Chaozhou	縫
	Leizhou	縫
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	罅
Wu	Shanghai	縫, 縫縫
	Suzhou	縫縫, 縫
	Hangzhou	縫道兒
	Shaoxing	縫道
	Wenzhou	縫
	Jinhua	縫
Xiang	Changsha	縫
	Shuangfeng	罅

Compounds

• 𢆡罅
• 手指罅
• 捐窿捐罅
• 捫隙發罅 / 扪隙发罅
• 攝灶罅 / 摄灶罅
• 攝牙罅 / 摄牙罅
• 法律罅
• 波罅
• 牙罅
• 窿窿罅罅
• 罅剌兒 / 罅剌儿
• 罅漏 (xiàlòu)
• 罅隙 (xiàxì)
• 腳趾罅 / 脚趾罅
• 補苴罅漏 / 补苴罅漏 (bǔjūxiàlòu)
• 邊罅螺 / 边罅螺
• 隙罅
• 髀罅

Etymology 2

trad.		罅
simp. #		罅

Cognate with Teochew 𤰉 (la6).

Pronunciation

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): la

  (Hailu, HRS): la^˖

---

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la
    • Hakka Romanization System: la
    • Hagfa Pinyim: la⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /la⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: la^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /la³³/

Definitions

罅

1. (Hakka) enough
   • 2008, 陳逸豪, “天阿爸个心”, in 陳建中, transl., 不同凡響的頌讚‎, performed by 客家聖樂團:

     試鍊中𥘹愛賜畀𠊎罅用个恩典 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     试炼中𥘹爱赐畀𠊎罅用个恩典 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     chhṳ-lien chûng Kì oi su pûn ngài la yung ke ên-tién [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 3

trad.		罅
simp. #		罅
alternative forms		痚

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): heⁿ / he / hee

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: henn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /hẽ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hẽ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hẽ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he
    • Tâi-lô: he
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /he⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hee
    • Tâi-lô: hee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ⁴⁴/

Definitions

罅

1. only used in 含罅