恩典

Chinese

		kind act (from above)	canon; dictionary
simp. and trad. (恩典)		恩	典

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ēndiǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ din²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ên-tién
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yng¹ deng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): un-tián / in-tián

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ēndiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: endiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: ên¹-tien³
    • Yale: ēn-dyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: endean
    • Palladius: эньдянь (enʹdjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan¹ din²
    • Yale: yān dín
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ din²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ din²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ tiːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên-tién
    • Hakka Romanization System: en^ˊ dien^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: en¹ dian³
    • Sinological IPA: /en²⁴ ti̯en³¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yng¹ deng³ [Phonetic: yng⁵ deng³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳng-dêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɛŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yng¹ deng³ [Phonetic: yng⁵ deng³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɛŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un-tián
    • Tâi-lô: un-tián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: undiern
    • IPA (Taipei): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-tián
    • Tâi-lô: in-tián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: indiern
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/

Noun

恩典

1. favour; grace; kindness; blessing

   • 飲食的結果，養活了自己，對於自己沒有恩；性交的結果，生出子女，對於子女當然也算不了恩。——前前後後，都向生命的長塗走去，僅有先後的不同，分不出誰受誰的恩典。 [MSC, trad.]
     饮食的结果，养活了自己，对于自己没有恩；性交的结果，生出子女，对于子女当然也算不了恩。——前前后后，都向生命的长途走去，仅有先后的不同，分不出谁受谁的恩典。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1919, Lu Xun under the pen name Tang Si, 《我們現在怎樣做父親》 (What Is Required of Us as Fathers Today), transl. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang

     Yǐnshí de jiéguǒ, yǎnghuó le zìjǐ, duìyú zìjǐ méiyǒu ēn; xìngjiāo de jiéguǒ, shēngchū zǐnǚ, duìyú zǐnǚ dāngrán yě suànbùliǎo ēn. — qiánqiánhòuhòu, dōu xiàng shēngmìng de chángtú zǒuqù, jǐnyǒu xiānhòu de bùtóng, fēnbùchū shéi shòu shéi de ēndiǎn. [Pinyin]

     Eating and drinking result in self-preservation, but this is no favour conferred upon ourselves; sexual intercourse results in children, but this is no favour conferred upon the children. One after another we advance down the long road of life, the only difference between us being that some come earlier, some later. But no one need feel under an obligation to anyone else.

   • 奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！ [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Firmament of the Pleiades

     Núcai tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]

     I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

2. (Christianity) grace (an attribute of God)

   恩典時代／恩典时代  ―  ēndiǎn shídài  ―  The Age of Grace

   • 如今卻蒙神的恩典、因基督耶穌的救贖、就白白的稱義。 [MSC, trad.]
     如今却蒙神的恩典、因基督耶稣的救赎、就白白的称义。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: Romans 3:24 (Chinese Union Version)

     Rújīn què méng Shén de ēndiǎn, yīn Jīdū Yēsū de jiùshú, jiù báibái de chēngyì. [Pinyin]

     Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

Synonyms

edit

• 恩 (ēn)
• 恩德 (ēndé)
• 恩惠 (ēnhuì)
• 恩情 (ēnqíng)
• 恩意 (ēnyì) (literary)
• 恩施 (ēnshī) (literary)
• 恩義 / 恩义 (ēnyì)

Derived terms

• 不可抗拒的恩典 (bùkě kàngjù de ēndiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (恩典):

• → Japanese: 恩典(おんてん) (onten)
• → Korean: 은전(恩典) (eunjeon)
• → Vietnamese: ân điển (恩典)

Verb

恩典

1. (intransitive) to give favours

   • 小人並無別的緣故，求老爺恩典吧！ [MSC, trad.]
     小人并无别的缘故，求老爷恩典吧！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 清·貪夢道人，《彭公案·第九回》

     Xiǎorén bìng wú biéde yuángù, qiú lǎoyé ēndiǎn ba! [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)