虩

虩 U+8669, 虩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8669 ← 虨 [U+8668] CJK Unified Ideographs 虪 → [U+866A]

虩 U+2F9B6, 虩 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B6 ← 虧 [U+2F9B5] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 蚩 → [U+2F9B7]

Translingual

Han character

虩 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火火卜心山 (FFYPU), four-corner 9291₇, composition ⿰𡭴虎)

Derived characters

• 𡄼, 𭳳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 53
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32782
• Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8669

• Unihan data for U+2F9B6

Chinese

trad.		虩
simp. #		虩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虩
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (隙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
虩	*sqʰraːɡ, *qʰraɡ
隙	*kʰraɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹ / hik¹
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hih⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sì
    • Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
    • Yale: syì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwik¹ / hik¹
    • Yale: gwīk / hīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷ / hik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: guig¹ / hig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/, /hɪk̚⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hih⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hih
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiʔ²/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjaek, sreak

Rime
Character	虩	虩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	陌 (115)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	許郤切	山責切
Baxter	xjaek	sreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠiæk̚/	/ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚiak̚/	/ʃᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xiak̚/	/ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hiajk̚/	/ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xiɐk̚/	/ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/xĭɐk̚/	/ʃæk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xiɐk̚/	/ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi	she
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hik1	sak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰraːɡ/, /*qʰraɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xì
Middle Chinese	‹ xjæk ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰrak/
English	fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虩	虩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13440	13442
Phonetic component	隙	隙
Rime group	錫	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	栜	虩
Old Chinese	/*sqʰraːɡ/	/*qʰraɡ/

Definitions

虩

1. (archaic) full of fear; in awe; with great vigilance; cautiously

   • 嚴龏夤天命，保業厥秦，虩事蠻夏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     严𱍁夤天命，保业厥秦，虩事蛮夏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. Spring and Autumn period, Qin Gong gui inscriptions (秦公簋銘文). English text based on the translation by Gilbert Mattos.

     Yán gōng yín tiānmìng, bǎo yè jué Qín, xì shì Mán Xià. [Pinyin]

     [They] reverently respected and revered Heaven's Mandate, protected and regulated their [state of] Qin, and vigilantly attended to the Man and the Xia.

References

• “虩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “虩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

Japanese

Kanji

虩

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): けき (keki)、きゃく (kyaku)、さく (saku)、しゃく (shaku)
• Kun: おそれる (osoreru)