諫

See also: 諌 and 谏

諫 U+8AEB, 諫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB ← 諪 [U+8AEA] CJK Unified Ideographs 諬 → [U+8AEC]

Translingual

Traditional	諫
Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Simplified	谏

Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569₆, composition ⿰訁柬)

Derived characters

• 𫋨, 𠣂

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8AEB

Chinese

trad.		諫
simp.		谏
2nd round simp.		𫍝
alternative forms		諌／𮷅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːns): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci; ⁵e

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gaan³
    • Yale: gaan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
    • Tâi-lô: kàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci; ⁵e
    • MiniDict: ci^去; e^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji; ²e
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kanH/
Wang Li	/kanH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kaenH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ *kˁranʔ)
English	admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6140
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諫
Old Chinese	/*kraːns/

Definitions

諫

1. to remonstrate; to admonish

Compounds

• 主文譎諫 / 主文谲谏
• 兵諫 / 兵谏 (bīngjiàn)
• 切諫 / 切谏
• 勸諫 / 劝谏 (quànjiàn)
• 大諫 / 大谏
• 大諫章 / 大谏章
• 尸諫
• 幾諫 / 几谏
• 強諫 / 强谏
• 從諫如流 / 从谏如流
• 忠諫 / 忠谏
• 愎諫 / 愎谏
• 拒諫飾非 / 拒谏饰非
• 杜諫 / 杜谏
• 正言直諫 / 正言直谏
• 犯顏苦諫 / 犯颜苦谏
• 百諫圖 / 百谏图
• 直言極諫 / 直言极谏
• 直言正諫 / 直言正谏
• 直諫 / 直谏 (zhíjiàn)
• 筆諫 / 笔谏
• 箴諫 / 箴谏
• 納諫 / 纳谏
• 納諫如流 / 纳谏如流
• 苦諫 / 苦谏
• 規諫 / 规谏 (guījiàn)
• 諍諫 / 诤谏 (zhèngjiàn)
• 諫勸 / 谏劝
• 諫官 / 谏官
• 諫書 / 谏书
• 諫爭如流 / 谏争如流
• 諫而剖腹 / 谏而剖腹
• 諫臣 / 谏臣
• 諫草 / 谏草
• 諫言 / 谏言 (jiànyán)
• 諫訓 / 谏训 (jiànxùn)
• 諫諍 / 谏诤 (jiànzhèng)
• 諷諫 / 讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
• 諫議 / 谏议 (jiànyì)
• 諫議大夫 / 谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
• 諫逐客書 / 谏逐客书
• 諫過 / 谏过
• 諫阻 / 谏阻
• 諫院 / 谏院
• 諫章 / 谏章
• 諫鼓 / 谏鼓
• 譎諫 / 谲谏
• 進諫 / 进谏 (jìnjiàn)
• 飾非拒諫 / 饰非拒谏

References

• “諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–