諶

See also: 谌

諶 U+8AF6, 諶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF6 ← 諵 [U+8AF5] CJK Unified Ideographs 諷 → [U+8AF7]

Translingual

Han character

諶 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿一女 (YRTMV), four-corner 0461₁, composition ⿰訁甚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35739
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3994, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8AF6

Chinese

trad.		諶
simp.		谌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡljum): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chén, shèn (chen², shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ, ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁴
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²
    • Yale: chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
    • Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/

Note: shèn - variant pronunciation for the surname (inferred using the youbian dubian method).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam⁴
    • Yale: sàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm
    • Tâi-lô: sîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyim

Rime
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	氏任切
Baxter	dzyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑim/
Li Rong	/ʑiəm/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][u]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyim ›
Old Chinese	/*[t.ɢ][u]m/
English	reliable, to trust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11292
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	諶
Old Chinese	/*ɡljum/

Definitions

諶

1. (literary) to believe
2. (literary) sincere; honest
3. (literary) indeed
4. a surname

   諶龍／谌龙  ―  Chén Lóng  ―  Chen Long (Chinese badminton player）

References

• “諶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “谌”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

Japanese

Kanji

諶

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. sincere
2. faithful

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Kun: まこと (makoto)

Korean

Hanja

諶 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)

1. truth
2. to believe

Vietnamese

Han character

諶: Hán Nôm readings: kham, thầm, thòm, xầm

1. (Rare) A Vietnamese surname (pronounced as xầm)