譀

譀 U+8B40, 譀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B40 ← 謿 [U+8B3F] CJK Unified Ideographs 譁 → [U+8B41]

Translingual

Han character

譀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一十大 (YRMJK), four-corner 0864₀, composition ⿰訁敢)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1179, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35926
• Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4016, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8B40

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撖	*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀	*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb): semantic 言 (“words; speech”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.		譀
simp.		𰶆
2nd round simp.		⿰讠攼
alternative forms		𧫫 𧧴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³ / ham⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hàm

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: ham³ / ham⁶
    • Yale: ham / hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham³ / ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem³ / hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/, /hɐm²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàm
    • Tâi-lô: hàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ham¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hamH, xaep

Rime
Character	譀	譀
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	狎 (150)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	下瞰切	呼甲切
Baxter	hamH	xaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑmH/	/hˠap̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑmH/	/hᵚap̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑmH/	/xap̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦamH/	/haɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑmH/	/xap̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑmH/	/xap̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑmH/	/xap̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	xia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham6	haap3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːms/, /*qʰraːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	譀	譀
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	3681	3697
Phonetic component	敢	敢
Rime group	談	盍
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	憨	呷
Old Chinese	/*qʰlaːms/	/*qʰraːb/

• Wenzhou: IPA^(key): /ha²¹³/

Definitions

譀

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to talk big; to boast
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make fun of; to tease
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to howl; to bellow; to snarl
4. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) exaggerated; pretentious
5. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to magnify; to enlarge
6. (Taiwanese Hokkien) illusory; imaginary
7. (Wenzhounese) to tell a lie; to lie

Synonyms

• (to magnify): 放大 (fàngdà), 放大 (fàngdà); (Hokkien, Teochew) 放 (fàng)

Dialectal synonyms of 說謊 (“to tell a lie”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		誑言, 誑語, 佯言
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		說謊, 扯謊, 誑言
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	說謊, 撂皮
	Taiwan	說謊, 撒謊
	Harbin	撒謊, 扒瞎
	Singapore	講騙話
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	撒謊
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	說謊
	Wanrong	說謊
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	扯謊撂屁
	Lanzhou	喧謊
	Jimsar	說白話
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	扯白, 扯謊捏白, 扯把子, 駕雲, 日白, 捏白, 日白捏謊
	Wuhan	掣謊, 掉謊
	Kunming	扯白撂野
	Guilin	扯謊
	Guanyang	扯大炮
	Lipu	擺溜子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	謅謊
Cantonese	Guangzhou	講大話
	Hong Kong	講大話
	Taishan	講大話
	Dongguan	放葫蘆, 講大話
	Beihai	車大炮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	講大話, 車大炮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	車大炮, 騙人
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	講大話, 車大炮
	Singapore (Guangfu)	講大話
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	講大話
	Móng Cái	講大話, 車大炮
Gan	Nanchang	打白話
Hakka	Meixian	花舌, 講大話, 打白話, 扯謊, 屙痢肚, 屙痢洩肚, 屙膿刮痢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	講花蓼
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	講花蓼
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	講花蓼, 講花舌
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	講花舌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	講花蓼
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	講花舌
Northern Min	Jian'ou	話假事
	Songxi	獵謊
	Zhenghe	假講
	Jianyang	話假事
	Wuyishan	話假事
	Pucheng (Shibei)	話假事
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野講
Southern Min	Xiamen	白賊, 講白賊, 花喙
	Quanzhou	白賊, 花婆喙
	Zhangzhou	白賊, 講白賊, 亂嘫, 哺下頷, 落下頷
	Pinghe	講白賊, 講無影話
	Zhao'an	講無影話
	Dongshan	反輪
	Taipei	白賊
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	白賊
	Kaohsiung	白賊, 講白賊
	Yilan	白賊, 嘐潲話 vulgar
	Changhua (Lukang)	白賊
	Taichung	講白賊, 嘐潲 vulgar
	Taichung (Wuqi)	講嘐潲 vulgar
	Tainan	白賊, 講白賊
	Taitung	講白賊
	Hsinchu	白賊, 講嘐潲 vulgar
	Kinmen	白賊, 嘐六
	Penghu (Magong)	白賊, 講白賊
	Penang (Hokkien)	講騙話
	Singapore (Hokkien)	講騙話, 白賊
	Manila (Hokkien)	講白賊
	Shantou	呾大話, 呾無影跡話, 花喙
	Jieyang	花嬲
	Puning	佬儂, 呾騙話
Central Min	Yong'an	說謊
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	講大話
Wu	Hangzhou	騙造話
	Wenzhou	譀, 講譀話, 譀裡譀搭
Xiang	Changsha	捏白, 辵白, 扯白, 扯謊

Compounds

• 譀古 / 𰶆古 (hàm-kó͘) (Min Nan)
• 譀話 / 𰶆话

References

• 温州话正字 (Wenzhounese proper orthography), Zhihu, 29 August 2019.

Etymology 2

trad.		譀
simp.		𰶆
2nd round simp.		⿰讠攼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: xaemH

Rime
Character	譀
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許鑑切
Baxter	xaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠamH/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚamH/
Shao Rongfen	/xamH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨmH/
Li Rong	/xamH/
Wang Li	/xamH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xamH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	譀
Reading #	2/3
No.	3687
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㒈
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːms/

Definitions

譀

1. only used in 譀䜕／𰶆䜕