轗

轗 U+8F57, 轗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F57 ← 轖 [U+8F56] CJK Unified Ideographs 轘 → [U+8F58]

Translingual

Han character

轗 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+13, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十十戈口心 (JJIRP), four-corner 5303₅, composition ⿰車感)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1249, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38550
• Dae Jaweon: page 1727, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3558, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8F57

Chinese

trad.		轗
simp.		𫐘
alternative forms		𨎕

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³
    • Yale: kǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: ham²
    • Yale: hám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khomX, khomH

Rime
Character	轗	轗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	苦感切	苦紺切
Baxter	khomX	khomH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌmX/	/kʰʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəmX/	/kʰəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒmX/	/kʰɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəmX/	/kʰəmH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀmX/	/kʰᴀmH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒmX/	/kʰɒmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰămX/	/kʰămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham2	ham3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːmʔ/, /*kʰɯːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轗	轗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13501	13502
Phonetic component	咸	咸
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	坎	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːmʔ/	/*kʰɯːms/
Notes	同坎坷之坎

Definitions

轗

1. only used in 轗軻／𫐘轲, alternative form of 坎坷 (kǎnkě)

Japanese

Kanji

轗

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. difficulty
2. misfortune

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

轗 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.