通過

See also: 通过

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (通過)		通	過
simp. (通过)		通	过

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tōngguò

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong¹ go⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ gwo³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thûng-ko

  (Hailu, HRS): tung^ˋ go^ˇ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tang¹ go⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thong-kè / thong-kèr / thong-kòe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tong¹ guê³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tōngguò → tōngguo (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ㄊㄨㄥ ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tongguo̊
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-kuo⁵
    • Yale: tūng-gwo
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong.guoh
    • Palladius: тунго (tungo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ɔ²/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tong¹ go⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tunggo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ko²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung¹ gwo³
    • Yale: tūng gwo
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ gwo³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ guo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-ko
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˊ go
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹ go⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˋ go^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵³ ko¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tang¹ go⁴ [Phonetic: tang² ngo⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tang-geo̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(k-)ŋo⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tang¹ go⁴ [Phonetic: tang² ngo⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)ŋo⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kè
    • Tâi-lô: thong-kè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tongkex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/
    • IPA (Philippines): /tʰɔŋ³³ ke⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kèr
    • Tâi-lô: thong-kèr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ kə⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kə¹²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kòe
    • Tâi-lô: thong-kuè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tongkoex
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tong¹ guê³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong kuè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ kue²¹³/

Preposition

通過

1. via; by; by means of; through

Synonyms

edit

• 經由 / 经由 (jīngyóu)
• 經過 / 经过 (jīngguò)
• 透過 / 透过 (tòuguò) (chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong)

Verb

通過

1. to pass (a measure, bill, proposal, etc.)

   這樣的贊助在董事會上是很難通過的。 [MSC, trad.]
   这样的赞助在董事会上是很难通过的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhèyàng de zànzhù zài dǒngshìhuì shàng shì hěn nán tōngguò de. [Pinyin]

   Sponsorship like this would be difficult to pass at the board of directors.

2. to pass by; to pass through
3. to pass (a test)

   通過測驗／通过测验  ―  tōngguò cèyàn  ―  to pass a test

Synonyms

• (to pass through): 穿過／穿过 (chuānguò), 經過／经过 (jīngguò)

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “通过”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 524.