馬頭

See also: 马头

Chinese

		horse; surname	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (馬頭)		馬	頭
simp. (马头)		马	头

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǎtóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ tau⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-thâu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǎtóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǎtóu
    • Wade–Giles: ma³-tʻou²
    • Yale: mǎ-tóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maatour
    • Palladius: матоу (matou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maa⁵ tau⁴
    • Yale: máh tàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ teo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 碼頭 / 码头 馬頭 / 马头

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-thâu
    • Tâi-lô: bé-thâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beftaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

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• Middle Chinese: maeX duw

Rime
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	莫下切	度侯切
Baxter	maeX	duw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠaX/	/dəu/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaX/	/dəu/
Shao Rongfen	/maX/	/dəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨX/	/dəw/
Li Rong	/maX/	/du/
Wang Li	/maX/	/dəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/maX/	/dʱə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎ	tóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa5	tau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraʔ  [m-t]ˤo/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ  doː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǎ	tóu
Middle Chinese	‹ mæX ›	‹ duw ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraʔ/	/*[m-t]ˁo/
English	horse	head
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8715	2465
Phonetic component	馬	豆
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	馬	頭
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/	/*doː/

Noun

馬頭

1. (literal) a horse's head
2. (archaic) the head of a stableboy

Derived terms

• 馬頭琴 / 马头琴 (mǎtóuqín)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ tau^4-2

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maa⁵ tau^4-2
    • Yale: máh táu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tau^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ teo^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Noun

馬頭

1. (chiefly Cantonese) horsehead; Branchiostegus auratus or Branchiostegus argentatus

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 馬頭 – see 碼頭 (“pier”). (This term is a variant form of 碼頭).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
馬	頭
め Grade: 2	ず Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めず [méꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [me̞zɨ]

Proper noun

馬(め)頭(ず) • (Mezu) ^{←めづ (Medu)?}

1. (Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell

See also

• 牛(ご)頭(ず)馬(め)頭(ず) (Gozu Mezu)
• 牛(ご)頭(ず) (Gozu)
• 馬(ば)頭(とう)琴(きん) (batōkin)
• 馬(ば)頭(とう)星(せい)雲(うん) (Batō Seiun)
• 馬(ば)頭(とう)観(かん)音(のん) (Batō Kannon)