-ation

See also: -âtion

English

Alternative forms

• ⠠⠝ (Braille)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English -acioun / -acion,, derived from Old French -acion / -ation, derived from Latin -ātiō, an alternative form of -tiō (whence -tion). By surface analysis, -ate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• enPR: ā′shən
• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈeɪ̯.ʃən/

  Audio (US):

  (file)

• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈæɪ̯.ʃən/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ʃən/
• (India) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ʃon/
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən
• Hyphenation: -a‧tion

Suffix

-ation

1. An action or process.

   ‎sediment + ‎-ation → ‎sedimentation

2. The result of an action or process.

   ‎found + ‎-ation → ‎foundation

3. A state or quality.

   ‎color + ‎-ation → ‎coloration

Derived terms

• -ization/-isation

English terms suffixed with -ation

abhorration

abortation

abscessation

absentation

absolutisation

absolutization

academicization

academization

acceptation

accessorization

acclimatisation

acclimatization

accreditation

acculturation

accusation

accustomization

acetylglucosaminylation

acieration

actualization

acupuncturation

acylation

adaptation

addressation

adipoceration

adjuvantation

adonization

adoration

adornation

adrenalization

adultisation

adultization

adverbialization

aerolization

æstheticization

affectation

afferentation

affixation

afforestation

Africanisation

Africanization

aggrandization

agonization

alanylation

albuminization

aleation

alienization

alkanoylation

alkenylation

alkoxylation

alkylation

allylation

alphabetisation

alphabetization

alteration

alveolarization

alveolation

amendation

Americanisation

Americanization

amidation

amination

aminoalkylation

aminomethylation

ammoniation

anaesthetization

anagrammatisation

anagrammatization

analogization

analyzation

anarchization

anathematization

anathemization

anatomization

androgenization

androgynization

anglicisation

annulation

annullation

anonymization

antagonization

antiquation

apodization

apologization

apostrophization

appendation

appendication

aprimoration

aquation

arabinosylation

Aramaization

arborisation

arborization

archaization

archivation

archivization

arcticization

arenization

arginylation

argumentation

ariolation

aristocratization

Armenianization

arylamination

arylation

aspiration

asservation

astration

atheization

attemperation

attestation

audiation

austenitization

authentication

authorization

autoclavation

autocratization

automatisation

automatization

autosensitization

autotoxication

aviation

avolation

axiomatization

Azerbaijanization

azidation

aziridination

backwardation

bacterization

ballotation

balsamation

banalisation

banalization

Bantufication

baptization

barbarization

basculation

basilectalization

benzoylation

benzylation

bessemerization

bestialization

bicapitalization

bilateralization

biliation

bioimmuration

biologization

biosequestration

bloatation

blurtation

blusteration

boronation

borylation

bosonization

botheration

boundation

bowdlerisation

bowdlerization

bromination

brutalization

buggeration

bureaucratization

butadienylation

butanoylation

butyrylation

calcification

calcination

canalisation

canalization

canceration

cannulation

cannulization

canonicalization

canonization

cantonization

capitalisation

capitalization

caproylation

capsulation

capsulization

carbamidomethylation

carbamination

carboamination

carbonatation

carbonylation

carboxymethylation

carburization

caricaturisation

caricaturization

carination

carunculation

caseation

catalysation

catalyzation

catastrophisation

catastrophization

catechization

categorization

causation

causticization

cauterization

Related terms

• -ification
• -tion

Translations

-ation (suffix)

Afrikaans: -asie, -sie, -ering Albanian: -im Arabic: ـِيَّة (-iyya) Armenian: -ում (-um) Asturian: -ación f, -ción f Azerbaijani: -asiya Belarusian: -а́цыя f (-ácyja) Bulgarian: -а́ция f (-ácija) Catalan: -ació f, -ció (ca) f Chinese: Cantonese: -化 (faa3) Hakka: -化 (fa) Hokkien: -化 (hoà) Mandarin: -化 (zh) (-huà) Czech: -ace f Danish: -ation (da) c, -tion c, -ering c Dutch: -atie (nl) f, -tie (nl) f, -ering f Estonian: -atsioon Finnish: -aatio French: -ation (fr) f, -ation (fr) f Middle French: -ation Old French: -ation, -acion Galician: -ación f, -ción (gl) f German: -ation (de) f, -tion (de) f, -ierung (de) f Hungarian: -áció Indonesian: -sasi (id), -asi (id), -si Italian: -zione f Japanese: -化 (ja) (-か, -ka) Korean: -화(化) (-hwa) Latvian: -ācija f, -cija f Lithuanian: -acija f, -cija f Macedonian: -а́ција f (-ácija) Malay: -asi Norman: -âtion f (Jersey) Norwegian: Bokmål: -asjon m, -sjon (no) m, -ering f Nynorsk: -asjon m, -sjon m, -ering f Occitan: -acion f, -cion f Persian: ی Polish: -acja f Portuguese: -ção (pt) f Romanian: -are, -ire Russian: -ение n (-enije), -а́ция f (-ácija) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: -ација f Roman: -acija f Slovak: -ácia f Slovene: -acija f Spanish: -ación f, -ción (es) f Swedish: -ation (sv), -tion (sv) c, -ring c Ukrainian: -а́ція f (-ácija) Vietnamese: ... hoá (vi) (-化 (vi))

Anagrams

• Aiton, Naito, Otani, Taino, Taíno, Tiano, Tonia, anito

French

Alternative forms

• -sion, -tion, -xion

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.

Proto-Italic *-tjō

Latin -tiō

Latin -ātiōlbor.

Old French -ation

Middle French -ation

French -ation

Inherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis. In words inherited through Vulgar Latin, the same suffix yielded -aison.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.sjɔ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɔ̃

Suffix

-ation f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ations)

1. Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -ation

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -ation

abjuration

abréviation

absorption

accélération

acceptation

accessoirisation

accréditation

acétalisation

acétylation

acidulation

aciération

activation

actualisation

additivation

adéquation

adultération

aérostation

affabulation

africanisation

agglomération

agitation

agrégation

aimantation

alcalisation

alcoholisation

alimentation

allitération

altération

alunation

amodiation

anathématisation

annualisation

annulation

anodisation

appertisation

arborisation

argumentation

arithmétisation

aromatisation

arrestation

arriération

articulation

artificialisation

aseptisation

assibilation

assimilation

association

attribution

automatisation

autorisation

aviation

axiomatisation

balkanisation

banalisation

berginisation

bessemérisation

bétonnisation

bifurcation

bituminisation

bolchevisation

bonification

boruration

bruxellisation

bulgarisation

canalisation

capitalisation

capitulation

caractérisation

caramélisation

catégorisation

cémentation

cessation

chloration

chloruration

christianisation

cicatrisation

cimentation

circonspection

civilisation

clarification

classification

claustration

collaboration

colonisation

combustion

commercialisation

compartimentation

comparution

complétion

complexification

complication

comptabilisation

concentration

concrétisation

condamnation

condensation

congélation

connexion

connotation

consolation

consolidation

consommation

constatation

consternation

constitution

constitutionnalisation

conteneurisation

contractualisation

contravention

contribution

convocation

coopération

copulation

cotation

crispation

cristallisation

croatisation

culpabilisation

customisation

cyanuration

déambulation

décaféination

décantation

décapitalisation

décapitation

décapsidation

décarboxylation

décarburation

décélération

déchristianisation

décimalisation

décléricalisation

décolonisation

décoloration

décommunisation

déconcentration

déconfessionnalisation

décontamination

décosaquisation

décrépitation

dédiabolisation

défécation

défenestration

défibrillation

déflegmation

défloration

déforestation

défragmentation

déhydrogénation

déification

déjudiciarisation

dékoulakisation

délégalisation

délégation

délimitation

délocalisation

démagnétisation

dématérialisation

déméthylation

déminéralisation

démocratisation

démondialisation

démonétisation

démoralisation

démotivation

démultiplication

démyélinisation

démystification

dénationalisation

dénaturation

dénotation

densification

dépalettisation

départementalisation

dépénalisation

dépolitisation

dépolymérisation

déportation

dépossession

dépréciation

dépressurisation

déprogrammation

déprotonation

dépuration

déréglementation

dérégulation

dérivation

désacétylation

désacralisation

désactivation

désafférentation

désagrégation

désaimantation

désaisonnalisation

désalinisation

désambiguïsation

désarticulation

désensibilisation

désertification

déshumanisation

Middle English

Suffix

-ation

1. alternative form of -acioun

Middle French

Alternative forms

• -acion

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.

Proto-Italic *-tjō

Latin -tiō

Latin -ātiōlbor.

Old French -ation

Middle French -ation

Inherited from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Suffix

-ation

1. -ation

Descendants

• French: -ation

Old French

Alternative forms

• -acion, -aciun, -atiun

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.

Proto-Italic *-tjō

Latin -tiō

Latin -ātiōlbor.

Old French -ation

Learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tjō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Suffix

-ation

1. -ation

Descendants

• Middle French: -ation
  • French: -ation
• → Middle English: -acioun, -acion, -acyon, -acyoun, -acyun, -ation
  • English: -ation

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English -ation.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈej.ʃõ/ [ˈeɪ̯.ʃõ]

Suffix

-ation f (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)

1. (humorous) used instead of -ção to give the word an air of formality or anglicization

   ‎enrolar (“to beat around the bush”) + ‎-ation → ‎enrolation (“beating around the bush”)

   ‎faturar (“to profit”) + ‎-ation → ‎faturation (“profits”)