aller

See also: aller- and Aller

Translingual

Etymology

From French allez, from French aller (“go”).

Noun

aller

1. (fencing) The command to start; used regardless of language of the participants; in the sequence "en garde, prêt, aller".

   Coordinate terms: en garde, prêt

See also

• Translingual: en garde, prêt, aller
• French: En garde! Prêts? Allez!

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.lər/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al‧ler

Determiner

aller

1. of all; (archaic) genitive plural of al

   Tot op heden is Van Beethoven nog steeds één van de beroemdste en meest invloedrijke musici aller tijden.

   To this day, Beethoven is still one of the most famous and influential musicians of all time.

French

Alternative forms

• vader (Acadia, Louisiana)

Etymology

From Middle French aller, from Old French aler, from Early Medieval Latin alāre, of uncertain origin. Forms beginning with v- come from Latin vado; forms beginning with ir- come from Latin eo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.le/

• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

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• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France):

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• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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• Homophones: allers, allé, allez, allée, allés, allées

Verb

aller

1. to go [with à ‘to a location’]

   Je vais au magasin. ― I'm going to the store.

   On y va. ― Let's go.

2. to attend (school, church regularly) [with à]

   aller à l'école ― to attend school

3. (when followed by an infinitive verb) to be going (to); will soon; forms a near-future tense

   Il allait visiter sa famille. ― He was going to visit his family.

   Je vais aller au magasin. ― I will go to the store.

4. (when followed by an adverb) to be (feeling)

   J'espère que tu vas bien. ― I hope you are well.

   Tout ira bien ― All will be well.

5. to go well [with avec ‘with (clothes, colors, etc.)’]
6. to suit [with à ‘someone’]

   Cette robe te va bien ! ― That dress suits you well!

7. to be X-proof (to be suitable for use in an appliance without running the risk of being damaged in the process) [with à]

   aller au four ― to be ovenproof

   aller au micro-ondes ― to be microwave safe

   aller au lave-vaisselle ― to be dishwasher proof

Conjugation

The verb aller has a unique and highly irregular conjugation, based on the suppletive stems all-, ir- and va-.

Conjugation of aller (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aller
	compound	être + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	allant /a.lɑ̃/
	compound	étant + past participle
past participle		allé /a.le/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	vais /vɛ/	vas /va/	va /va/	allons /a.lɔ̃/	allez /a.le/	vont /vɔ̃/
	imperfect	allais /a.lɛ/	allais /a.lɛ/	allait /a.lɛ/	allions /a.ljɔ̃/	alliez /a.lje/	allaient /a.lɛ/
	past historic2	allai /ale/	allas /ala/	alla /ala/	allâmes /alam/	allâtes /alat/	allèrent /alɛʁ/
	future	irai /i.ʁe/	iras /i.ʁa/	ira /i.ʁa/	irons /i.ʁɔ̃/	irez /i.ʁe/	iront /i.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	irais /i.ʁɛ/	irais /i.ʁɛ/	irait /i.ʁɛ/	irions /i.ʁjɔ̃/	iriez /i.ʁje/	iraient /i.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of être + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of être + past participle
	future perfect	future of être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aille /aj/	ailles /aj/	aille /aj/	allions /a.ljɔ̃/	alliez /a.lje/	aillent /aj/
	imperfect2	allasse /alas/	allasses /alas/	allât /ala/	allassions /ala.sjɔ̃/	allassiez /ala.sje/	allassent /alas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of être + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	va /va/	—	allons /a.lɔ̃/	allez /a.le/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of être + past participle	—	simple imperative of être + past participle	simple imperative of être + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• à la va-vite
• à tout va
• à tout-va
• aller à Canossa
• aller à l'essentiel
• aller à vau-l'eau
• aller au lit
• aller aux putes
• aller bon train
• aller comme un gant
• aller de Charybde en Scylla
• aller de l'avant
• aller de pair
• aller de soi
• aller droit dans le mur
• aller et venir
• aller plus vite que la musique
• aller sans dire
• aller se faire enculer
• aller se faire foutre
• aller se faire mettre
• aller se faire voir
• aller se faire voir chez les Grecs
• aller son petit bonhomme de chemin
• aller vite en besogne
• allez savoir
• allez voir là-bas si j'y suis
• ça ira
• ça te va bien
• ça va ?
• cela va sans dire
• comment allez-vous ?
• comment vas-tu ?
• faire aller
• ne pas y aller par quatre chemins
• rien ne va plus
• s'en aller
• si la montagne ne va pas à toi, va à la montagne
• va banque
• va savoir
• va savoir pourquoi
• y aller

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: ale

Noun

aller m (plural allers)

1. outward trip; journey out; trip away

   aller et retour ― round trip

Derived terms

• aller-retour
• aller simple

See also

• arriver
• courir
• flâner
• longer
• marcher
• promener
• venir

Further reading

• “aller”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalɐ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

aller

1. inflection of all:
   1. strong/mixed nominative masculine singular
   2. strong genitive/dative feminine singular
   3. strong genitive plural

Middle English

Noun

aller

1. alternative form of aldre

Middle French

Alternative forms

• aler

Etymology

From Old French aler.

Verb

aller

1. to go

Conjugation

• Like Modern French aller, highly irregular.
• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of aller

infinitive	simple	aller
	compound	estre + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	allant
	compound	present participle or gerund of estre + past participle
past participle		allé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	vays	vas	va	allons	allez	vont
	imperfect	allois	allois	alloit	allions	alliez	alloient
	past historic	allai	allas	alla	allasmes	allastes	allerent
	future	iroye, yroie	iras, yras	ira, yra	irons, yrons	irez, yrez	iront, yront
	conditional	irois, yrois	irois, yrois	iroit, yroit	irions, yrions	iriez, yriez	iroient, yroient
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of estre + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of estre + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of estre + past participle
	future perfect	future of estre + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of estre + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aille	ailles	aille	allions	alliez	aillent
	imperfect	allasse	allasses	allast	allassions	allassiez	allassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of estre + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	va	—	allons	allez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of estre + past participle	—	simple imperative of estre + past participle	simple imperative of estre + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: aller, vader (Acadia, Louisiana)
  • Haitian Creole: ale

Norman

Alternative forms

• allaer (continental)
• allaïr (Guernsey)

Etymology

From Old French aler, from Early Medieval Latin alāre, of uncertain origin.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Jersey):

  (file)

Verb

aller

1. (Jersey) to go

Antonyms

• v'nîn (“to come”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse allra.

Adverb

aller

1. of all, very

   aller første ― very first

   aller siste ― very last

Derived terms

• aller mest

References

• “aller” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse allra.

Adverb

aller

1. of all

Derived terms

• aller mest

References

• “aller” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Verb

aller

1. alternative form of aler

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular and it is suppletive. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of aller (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		aller			estre allé
gerund		en allant			gerund of estre + past participle
present participle		allant
past participle		allé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	vois, vai	vais, vas	vait, va	alons	alez	vont
	imperfect	alloie, alleie, alloe, alleve	alloies, alleies, alloes, alleves	alloit, alleit, allot, alleve	alliiens, alliens	alliiez, alliez	alloient, alleient, alloent, allevent
	preterite	allai	allas	alla	allames	allastes	allerent
	future	irai	iras	ira	irons	iroiz, ireiz, irez	iront
	conditional	iroie, ireie	iroies, ireies	iroit, ireit	iriiens, iriens	iriiez, iriez	iroient, ireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of estre + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of estre + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of estre + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of estre + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of estre + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	voise, aille, alge, auge	voises, ailles, alges, auges	voise, voist, aille, aut, algeṭ, auge	voisiens, voisons, alons, ailliens, aillons, algiens, aljons, augiens, aujons	voisiez, alez, ailliez, algiez, algez, augiez, augez	voisent, aillent, algent, augent
	imperfect	allasse	allasses	allast	allissons, allissiens	allissoiz, allissez, allissiez	allassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of estre + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	vas, va	—	allons	allez	—

Saterland Frisian

Adjective

aller

1. older

Scots

Alternative forms

• allar

Etymology

From Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aliʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare Swedish al, Saterland Frisian ällerboom), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle).

Pronunciation

• Central Scots
  • (West Central Scots) IPA^(key): /ˈɛlər/
• Southern Scots
  • (Hawick) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːlʌɹ/

Noun

aller (plural allers)

1. alder.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɬɛr/

Verb

aller

1. soft mutation of galler

Mutation

Mutated forms of galler

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
galler	aller	ngaller	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.