Etymology
From ex- + causa (“cause, reason; case”) + -ō.
Verb
excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum); first conjugation
- to excuse, allege in excuse, free from a charge
- to cite as an excuse or pretext or justification
- to exempt, dispense
- to justify by an excuse
- Saint Jerome
- Dum excusare credis, accusas
- When you believe you are excusing yourself, you are accusing yourself.
Conjugation
More information indicative, singular ...
| indicative |
singular |
plural |
| first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
| active |
present |
excūsō |
excūsās |
excūsat |
excūsāmus |
excūsātis |
excūsant |
| imperfect |
excūsābam |
excūsābās |
excūsābat |
excūsābāmus |
excūsābātis |
excūsābant |
| future |
excūsābō |
excūsābis |
excūsābit |
excūsābimus |
excūsābitis |
excūsābunt |
| perfect |
excūsāvī |
excūsāvistī,
excūsāstī1 |
excūsāvit,
excūsāt1 |
excūsāvimus,
excūsāmus1 |
excūsāvistis,
excūsāstis1 |
excūsāvērunt,
excūsārunt,
excūsāvēre1 |
| pluperfect |
excūsāveram,
excūsāram1 |
excūsāverās,
excūsārās1 |
excūsāverat,
excūsārat1 |
excūsāverāmus,
excūsārāmus1 |
excūsāverātis,
excūsārātis1 |
excūsāverant,
excūsārant1 |
| future perfect |
excūsāverō,
excūsārō1 |
excūsāveris,
excūsāris1 |
excūsāverit,
excūsārit1 |
excūsāverimus,
excūsārimus1 |
excūsāveritis,
excūsāritis1 |
excūsāverint,
excūsārint1 |
| passive |
present |
excūsor |
excūsāris,
excūsāre |
excūsātur |
excūsāmur |
excūsāminī |
excūsantur |
| imperfect |
excūsābar |
excūsābāris,
excūsābāre |
excūsābātur |
excūsābāmur |
excūsābāminī |
excūsābantur |
| future |
excūsābor |
excūsāberis,
excūsābere |
excūsābitur |
excūsābimur |
excūsābiminī |
excūsābuntur |
| perfect |
excūsātus + present active indicative of sum |
| pluperfect |
excūsātus + imperfect active indicative of sum |
| future perfect |
excūsātus + future active indicative of sum |
| subjunctive |
singular |
plural |
| first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
| active |
present |
excūsem |
excūsēs |
excūset |
excūsēmus |
excūsētis |
excūsent |
| imperfect |
excūsārem |
excūsārēs |
excūsāret |
excūsārēmus |
excūsārētis |
excūsārent |
| perfect |
excūsāverim,
excūsārim1 |
excūsāverīs,
excūsārīs1 |
excūsāverit,
excūsārit1 |
excūsāverīmus,
excūsārīmus1 |
excūsāverītis,
excūsārītis1 |
excūsāverint,
excūsārint1 |
| pluperfect |
excūsāvissem,
excūsāssem1 |
excūsāvissēs,
excūsāssēs1 |
excūsāvisset,
excūsāsset1 |
excūsāvissēmus,
excūsāssēmus1 |
excūsāvissētis,
excūsāssētis1 |
excūsāvissent,
excūsāssent1 |
| passive |
present |
excūser |
excūsēris,
excūsēre |
excūsētur |
excūsēmur |
excūsēminī |
excūsentur |
| imperfect |
excūsārer |
excūsārēris,
excūsārēre |
excūsārētur |
excūsārēmur |
excūsārēminī |
excūsārentur |
| perfect |
excūsātus + present active subjunctive of sum |
| pluperfect |
excūsātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum |
| imperative |
singular |
plural |
| first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
| active |
present |
— |
excūsā |
— |
— |
excūsāte |
— |
| future |
— |
excūsātō |
excūsātō |
— |
excūsātōte |
excūsantō |
| passive |
present |
— |
excūsāre |
— |
— |
excūsāminī |
— |
| future |
— |
excūsātor |
excūsātor |
— |
— |
excūsantor |
| excūsāre |
excūsārī |
excūsāns |
— |
| excūsātūrum esse |
excūsātum īrī |
excūsātūrus |
excūsandus |
excūsāvisse,
excūsāsse1 |
excūsātum esse |
— |
excūsātus |
| — |
excūsātum fore |
— |
— |
| excūsātūrum fuisse |
— |
— |
— |
| excūsandī |
excūsandō |
excūsandum |
excūsandō |
excūsātum |
excūsātū |
Close
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
References
- “excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “excuso”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to excuse oneself on the score of health: valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7)
- to plead ill-health as an excuse for absence: excusare morbum, valetudinem