exfoliar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin exfoliāre (“to strip of leaves”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əks.fu.liˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əks.fo.liˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eks.fo.liˈaɾ]

Verb

exfoliar (first-person singular present exfolio, first-person singular preterite exfolií, past participle exfoliat)

1. (transitive, reflexive) to split into scales or sheets
   • 2010, Antoni Lacasa i Ruiz, Javier Lozano, Sorgint del mar:

     Durant l'explotació comercial, en exfoliar les lloses, aparegué una gran varietat de fòssils d'animals i de vegetals extraordinàriament preservats.

     During the commercial exploitation, while exfoliating the flagstones, a great variety of extraordinarily preserved animal and vegetal fossils appeared.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exfoliar (first conjugation)

infinitive			exfoliar
gerund			exfoliant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exfoliat		exfoliada
		plural		exfoliats		exfoliades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exfolio	exfolies	exfolia	exfoliem	exfolieu	exfolien
	imperfect	exfoliava	exfoliaves	exfoliava	exfoliàvem	exfoliàveu	exfoliaven
	future	exfoliaré	exfoliaràs	exfoliarà	exfoliarem	exfoliareu	exfoliaran
	preterite	exfolií	exfoliares	exfolià	exfoliàrem	exfoliàreu	exfoliaren
	conditional	exfoliaria	exfoliaries	exfoliaria	exfoliaríem	exfoliaríeu	exfoliarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exfoliï	exfoliïs	exfoliï	exfoliem	exfolieu	exfoliïn
	imperfect	exfoliés	exfoliessis	exfoliés	exfoliéssim	exfoliéssiu	exfoliessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	exfolia	exfoliï	exfoliem	exfolieu	exfoliïn
	negative (no)	—	no exfoliïs	no exfoliï	no exfoliem	no exfolieu	no exfoliïn

Related terms

• exfoliable
• exfoliació
• exfoliatiu

Further reading

• “exfoliar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Portuguese

Verb

exfoliar (first-person singular present exfolio, first-person singular preterite exfoliei, past participle exfoliado)

1. alternative spelling of esfoliar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exfoliar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exfoliar
Personal	exfoliar	exfoliares	exfoliar	exfoliarmos	exfoliardes	exfoliarem
Gerund
	exfoliando
Past participle
Masculine	exfoliado			exfoliados
Feminine	exfoliada			exfoliadas
Indicative
Present	exfolio	exfolias	exfolia	exfoliamos	exfoliais	exfoliam
Imperfect	exfoliava	exfoliavas	exfoliava	exfoliávamos	exfoliáveis	exfoliavam
Preterite	exfoliei	exfoliaste	exfoliou	exfoliamos1, exfoliámos2	exfoliastes	exfoliaram
Pluperfect	exfoliara	exfoliaras	exfoliara	exfoliáramos	exfoliáreis	exfoliaram
Future	exfoliarei	exfoliarás	exfoliará	exfoliaremos	exfoliareis	exfoliarão
Conditional	exfoliaria	exfoliarias	exfoliaria	exfoliaríamos	exfoliaríeis	exfoliariam
Subjunctive
Present	exfolie	exfolies	exfolie	exfoliemos	exfolieis	exfoliem
Imperfect	exfoliasse	exfoliasses	exfoliasse	exfoliássemos	exfoliásseis	exfoliassem
Future	exfoliar	exfoliares	exfoliar	exfoliarmos	exfoliardes	exfoliarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exfolia	exfolie	exfoliemos	exfoliai	exfoliem
Negative (não)		não exfolies	não exfolie	não exfoliemos	não exfolieis	não exfoliem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “exfoliar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “exfoliar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin exfoliāre (“to strip of leaves”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡsfoˈljaɾ/ [eɣ̞s.foˈljaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ex‧fo‧liar

Verb

exfoliar (first-person singular present exfolio, first-person singular preterite exfolié, past participle exfoliado)

1. (transitive) to exfoliate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exfoliar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exfoliar
gerund			exfoliando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exfoliado		exfoliada
		plural		exfoliados		exfoliadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exfolio	exfoliastú exfoliásvos	exfolia	exfoliamos	exfoliáis	exfolian
	imperfect	exfoliaba	exfoliabas	exfoliaba	exfoliábamos	exfoliabais	exfoliaban
	preterite	exfolié	exfoliaste	exfolió	exfoliamos	exfoliasteis	exfoliaron
	future	exfoliaré	exfoliarás	exfoliará	exfoliaremos	exfoliaréis	exfoliarán
	conditional	exfoliaría	exfoliarías	exfoliaría	exfoliaríamos	exfoliaríais	exfoliarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exfolie	exfoliestú exfoliésvos2	exfolie	exfoliemos	exfoliéis	exfolien
	imperfect (ra)	exfoliara	exfoliaras	exfoliara	exfoliáramos	exfoliarais	exfoliaran
	imperfect (se)	exfoliase	exfoliases	exfoliase	exfoliásemos	exfoliaseis	exfoliasen
	future1	exfoliare	exfoliares	exfoliare	exfoliáremos	exfoliareis	exfoliaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exfoliatú exfoliávos	exfolie	exfoliemos	exfoliad	exfolien
	negative		no exfolies	no exfolie	no exfoliemos	no exfoliéis	no exfolien

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “exfoliar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024