florir

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• fllorir (Ribagorçan)
• florer, fllorer, floreixer, flloreixer, floriar, flloriar

Etymology

From Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ɾ)/
• Syllabification: flo‧rir
• Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

Verb

florir

1. to flourish, to bloom

References

• “florecer”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [fluˈɾi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [floˈɾiɾ]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Verb

florir (first-person singular present floreixo, first-person singular preterite florí, past participle florit)

1. to bloom, to blossom, to flower
2. to become mouldy/moldy

Conjugation

    Conjugation of florir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			florir
gerund			florint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		florit		florida
		plural		florits		florides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	floreixo	floreixes	floreix	florim	floriu	floreixen
	imperfect	floria	flories	floria	floríem	floríeu	florien
	future	floriré	floriràs	florirà	florirem	florireu	floriran
	preterite	florí	florires	florí	florírem	floríreu	floriren
	conditional	floriria	floriries	floriria	floriríem	floriríeu	floririen
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	floreixi	floreixis	floreixi	florim	floriu	floreixin
	imperfect	florís	florissis	florís	floríssim	floríssiu	florissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	floreix	floreixi	florim	floriu	floreixin
	negative (no)	—	no floreixis	no floreixi	no florim	no floriu	no floreixin

Derived terms

• florent
• florid
• floriment

Related terms

• eflorescent
• flor
• flòrid
• reflorir

References

• “florir”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “florir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “florir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “florir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /flɔ.ʁiʁ/

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Verb

florir

1. alternative form of fleurir

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of florir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	florir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	florissant /flɔ.ʁi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		flori /flɔ.ʁi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	floris /flɔ.ʁi/	floris /flɔ.ʁi/	florit /flɔ.ʁi/	florissons /flɔ.ʁi.sɔ̃/	florissez /flɔ.ʁi.se/	florissent /flɔ.ʁis/
	imperfect	florissais /flɔ.ʁi.sɛ/	florissais /flɔ.ʁi.sɛ/	florissait /flɔ.ʁi.sɛ/	florissions /flɔ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	florissiez /flɔ.ʁi.sje/	florissaient /flɔ.ʁi.sɛ/
	past historic2	floris /flɔ.ʁi/	floris /flɔ.ʁi/	florit /flɔ.ʁi/	florîmes /flɔ.ʁim/	florîtes /flɔ.ʁit/	florirent /flɔ.ʁiʁ/
	future	florirai /flɔ.ʁi.ʁe/	floriras /flɔ.ʁi.ʁa/	florira /flɔ.ʁi.ʁa/	florirons /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/	florirez /flɔ.ʁi.ʁe/	floriront /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	florirais /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɛ/	florirais /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɛ/	florirait /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɛ/	floririons /flɔ.ʁi.ʁjɔ̃/	floririez /flɔ.ʁi.ʁje/	floriraient /flɔ.ʁi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	florisse /flɔ.ʁis/	florisses /flɔ.ʁis/	florisse /flɔ.ʁis/	florissions /flɔ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	florissiez /flɔ.ʁi.sje/	florissent /flɔ.ʁis/
	imperfect2	florisse /flɔ.ʁis/	florisses /flɔ.ʁis/	florît /flɔ.ʁi/	florissions /flɔ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	florissiez /flɔ.ʁi.sje/	florissent /flɔ.ʁis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	floris /flɔ.ʁi/	—	florissons /flɔ.ʁi.sɔ̃/	florissez /flɔ.ʁi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “florir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan florir, from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

florir

1. to flower

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• flor/flour

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōreō.

Verb

florir

1. (of a plant) to blossom; to bloom
2. (figuratively) to flourish; to bloom
   • c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:

     « Dex !, qui est cist an cui si granz biautez florist? [»]

     "God! Who is this in whom such beauty blossoms?"

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of florir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		florir			avoir flori
gerund		en florissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		florissant
past participle		flori
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	floris	floris	florist	florissons	florissez	florissent
	imperfect	florissoie, florisseie	florissoies, florisseies	florissoit, florisseit	florissiiens, florissiens	florissiiez, florissiez	florissoient, florisseient
	preterite	flori	floris	flori	florimes	floristes	florirent
	future	florirai	floriras	florira	florirons	floriroiz, florireiz, florirez	floriront
	conditional	floriroie, florireie	floriroies, florireies	floriroit, florireit	floririiens, floririens	floririiez, floririez	floriroient, florireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	florisse	florisses	florisse	florissons	florissez	florissent
	imperfect	florisse	florisses	florist	florissons, florissiens	florissoiz, florissez, florissiez	florissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	floris	—	florissons	florissez	—

Related terms

• flor

Descendants

• Middle French: florir, fleurir (influenced by fleur "flower")
  • French: fleurir
• Norman: flieuthi
• Walloon: florir
• → Middle English:
  • floryschen
    • English: flourish
    • Scots: flourish
  • flouren
    • English: flower, flour
    • Scots: flour

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “florēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 629

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre. Doublet of chorir, a dialectal inherited term.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ʁ)/ [floˈɾi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ʁ)/ [floˈɾi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ʁ)/ [floˈɾi(χ)]
  • (Porto Alegre) IPA^(key): /floˈɾi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fluˈɾiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fluˈɾiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fluˈɾi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: flo‧rir

Verb

florir (no stressed present indicative or subjunctive, first-person singular preterite flori, past participle florido)

1. to flower; to blossom (to put forth blooms)

   Synonyms: florescer, desabrochar, abrir, florejar, (Northern Portugal) chorir

   Antonyms: desflorescer, desflorir, murchar

2. to adorn with flowers

   Synonyms: florescer, enflorar, florear, floretear, florejar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of florir (defective) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	florir
Personal	florir	florires	florir	florirmos	florirdes	florirem
Gerund
	florindo
Past participle
Masculine	florido			floridos
Feminine	florida			floridas
Indicative
Present	—	—	—	florimos	floris	—
Imperfect	floria	florias	floria	floríamos	floríeis	floriam
Preterite	flori	floriste	floriu	florimos	floristes	floriram
Pluperfect	florira	floriras	florira	floríramos	floríreis	floriram
Future	florirei	florirás	florirá	floriremos	florireis	florirão
Conditional	floriria	floririas	floriria	floriríamos	floriríeis	floririam
Subjunctive
Present	—	—	—	—	—	—
Imperfect	florisse	florisses	florisse	floríssemos	florísseis	florissem
Future	florir	florires	florir	florirmos	florirdes	florirem
Imperative
Affirmative		—	—	—	flori	—
Negative (não)		—	—	—	—	—

Related terms

• flor
• flora
• floração
• florada
• floral
• florão
• florar
• floreado
• florear
• floreio
• floreira
• floreiro
• florejar
• florente
• flóreo
• florescência
• florescente
• florescer
• florescimento
• floreta
• floretear
• floricultor
• floricultura
• florido
• flórido
• florífero
• floriforme
• florígero
• florilégio
• floríparo
• florista
• florístico
• floromania