hapata

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝pɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑtɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ha‧pa‧ta
• Hyphenation^(key): ha‧pa‧ta

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak, equivalent to happa- (“to sour”) +‎ -(e)ta

Verb

hapata

1. (intransitive) to (turn/go) sour, acidify, lopper

   Synonym: hapantua

Conjugation

Inflection of hapata (Kotus type 72*B/vanheta, pp-p gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanen	en happane	1st sing.	olen hapannut	en ole hapannut
2nd sing.		happanet	et happane	2nd sing.	olet hapannut	et ole hapannut
3rd sing.		happanee	ei happane	3rd sing.	on hapannut	ei ole hapannut
1st plur.		happanemme	emme happane	1st plur.	olemme hapanneet	emme ole hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanette	ette happane	2nd plur.	olette hapanneet	ette ole hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanevat	eivät happane	3rd plur.	ovat hapanneet	eivät ole hapanneet
passive		hapataan	ei hapata	passive	on hapattu	ei ole hapattu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanin	en hapannut	1st sing.	olin hapannut	en ollut hapannut
2nd sing.		happanit	et hapannut	2nd sing.	olit hapannut	et ollut hapannut
3rd sing.		happani	ei hapannut	3rd sing.	oli hapannut	ei ollut hapannut
1st plur.		happanimme	emme hapanneet	1st plur.	olimme hapanneet	emme olleet hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanitte	ette hapanneet	2nd plur.	olitte hapanneet	ette olleet hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanivat	eivät hapanneet	3rd plur.	olivat hapanneet	eivät olleet hapanneet
passive		hapattiin	ei hapattu	passive	oli hapattu	ei ollut hapattu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanisin	en happanisi	1st sing.	olisin hapannut	en olisi hapannut
2nd sing.		happanisit	et happanisi	2nd sing.	olisit hapannut	et olisi hapannut
3rd sing.		happanisi	ei happanisi	3rd sing.	olisi hapannut	ei olisi hapannut
1st plur.		happanisimme	emme happanisi	1st plur.	olisimme hapanneet	emme olisi hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanisitte	ette happanisi	2nd plur.	olisitte hapanneet	ette olisi hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanisivat	eivät happanisi	3rd plur.	olisivat hapanneet	eivät olisi hapanneet
passive		hapattaisiin	ei hapattaisi	passive	olisi hapattu	ei olisi hapattu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		happane	älä happane	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		hapatkoon	älköön hapatko	3rd sing.	olkoon hapannut	älköön olko hapannut
1st plur.		hapatkaamme	älkäämme hapatko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		hapatkaa	älkää hapatko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		hapatkoot	älkööt hapatko	3rd plur.	olkoot hapanneet	älkööt olko hapanneet
passive		hapattakoon	älköön hapattako	passive	olkoon hapattu	älköön olko hapattu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		hapannen	en hapanne	1st sing.	lienen hapannut	en liene hapannut
2nd sing.		hapannet	et hapanne	2nd sing.	lienet hapannut	et liene hapannut
3rd sing.		hapannee	ei hapanne	3rd sing.	lienee hapannut	ei liene hapannut
1st plur.		hapannemme	emme hapanne	1st plur.	lienemme hapanneet	emme liene hapanneet
2nd plur.		hapannette	ette hapanne	2nd plur.	lienette hapanneet	ette liene hapanneet
3rd plur.		hapannevat	eivät hapanne	3rd plur.	lienevät hapanneet	eivät liene hapanneet
passive		hapattaneen	ei hapattane	passive	lienee hapattu	ei liene hapattu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		hapata		present	happaneva	hapattava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st hapatakseni hapataksemme 2nd hapataksesi hapataksenne 3rd hapatakseen hapataksensa		past	hapannut	hapattu
2nd	inessive2	hapatessa	hapattaessa	agent4	happanema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st hapatessani hapatessamme 2nd hapatessasi hapatessanne 3rd hapatessaan hapatessansa		negative	happanematon
	instructive	hapaten	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	happanemassa	—
	elative	happanemasta	—
	illative	happanemaan	—
	adessive	happanemalla	—
	abessive	happanematta	—
	instructive	happaneman	hapattaman
4th3	verbal noun	happaneminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st happanemaisillani happanemaisillamme 2nd happanemaisillasi happanemaisillanne 3rd happanemaisillaan happanemaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• happaneminen

verbs

• hapattaa

Further reading

• “hapata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

Verb

hapata

1. inflection of hapattaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• hapaat

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak, equivalent to hapa- (“sour”) +‎ -ta. Cognates include Finnish hapata and Estonian hapneda.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑpɑˑt]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑˑd̥ɑ]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑk/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑˑd̥ɑɡ̊]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑt, -ɑpɑtɑ
• Hyphenation: ha‧pa‧ta

Verb

hapata

1. (intransitive) to sour

Conjugation

Conjugation of hapata (type 15/valeta, pp-p gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanen	en happane	1st singular	oon hapant, oon hapannut	en oo hapant, en oo hapannut
2nd singular	happanet	et happane	2nd singular	oot hapant, oot hapannut	et oo hapant, et oo hapannut
3rd singular	happanoo	ei happane	3rd singular	ono hapant, ono hapannut	ei oo hapant, ei oo hapannut
1st plural	happanemma	emmä happane	1st plural	oomma hapanneet	emmä oo hapanneet
2nd plural	happanetta	että happane	2nd plural	ootta hapanneet	että oo hapanneet
3rd plural	happanoot1), happanevat2), hapataa	evät happane, ei hapata	3rd plural	ovat hapanneet	evät oo hapanneet, ei oo hapattu
impersonal	hapataa	ei hapata	impersonal	ono hapattu	ei oo hapattu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanin	en hapant, en hapannut	1st singular	olin hapant, olin hapannut	en olt hapant, en olt hapannut
2nd singular	happanit	et hapant, et hapannut	2nd singular	olit hapant, olit hapannut	et olt hapant, et olt hapannut
3rd singular	happani	ei hapant, ei hapannut	3rd singular	oli hapant, oli hapannut	ei olt hapant, ei olt hapannut
1st plural	happanimma	emmä hapanneet	1st plural	olimma hapanneet	emmä olleet hapanneet
2nd plural	happanitta	että hapanneet	2nd plural	olitta hapanneet	että olleet hapanneet
3rd plural	happaniit1), happanivat2), hapattii	evät hapanneet, ei hapattu	3rd plural	olivat hapanneet	evät olleet hapanneet, ei olt hapattu
impersonal	hapattii	ei hapattu	impersonal	oli hapattu	ei olt hapattu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanisin	en happanis	1st singular	olisin hapant, olisin hapannut	en olis hapant, en olis hapannut
2nd singular	happanisit, happaniist1)	et happanis	2nd singular	olisit hapant, olisit hapannut	et olis hapant, et olis hapannut
3rd singular	happanis	ei happanis	3rd singular	olis hapant, olis hapannut	ei olis hapant, ei olis hapannut
1st plural	happanisimma	emmä happanis	1st plural	olisimma hapanneet	emmä olis hapanneet
2nd plural	happanisitta	että happanis	2nd plural	olisitta hapanneet	että olis hapanneet
3rd plural	happanisiit1), happanisivat2), hapattais	evät happanis, ei hapattais	3rd plural	olisivat hapanneet	evät olis hapanneet, ei olis hapattu
impersonal	hapattais	ei hapattais	impersonal	olis hapattu	ei olis hapattu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	happane	elä happane	2nd singular	oo hapant, oo hapannut	elä oo hapant, elä oo hapannut
3rd singular	hapatkoo	elköö hapatko	3rd singular	olkoo hapant, olkoo hapannut	elköö olko hapant, elköö olko hapannut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	hapatkaa	elkää hapatko	2nd plural	olkaa hapanneet	elkää olko hapanneet
3rd plural	hapatkoot	elkööt hapatko, elköö hapattako	3rd plural	olkoot hapanneet	elkööt olko hapanneet, elköö olko hapattu
impersonal	hapattakkoo	elköö hapattako	impersonal	olkoo hapattu	elköö olko hapattu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	hapanen	en hapane
2nd singular	hapanet	et hapane
3rd singular	hapanoo	ei hapane
1st plural	hapanemma	emmä hapane
2nd plural	hapanetta	että hapane
3rd plural	hapanoot	evät hapane, ei hapattane
impersonal	hapattannoo	ei hapattane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		hapata	present	happaneva	hapattava
2nd	inessive	hapatees	past	hapant, hapannut	hapattu
	instructive	hapaten	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (hapatkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	happanommaa
	inessive	happanomas
	elative	happanomast
	abessive	happanomata
4th	nominative	happanomiin
	partitive	happanomista, happanomist

Synonyms

• hapantua

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 39
• Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 28

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot
2. to go bad, to spoil (of food)
3. to turn sour

Conjugation

Conjugation of hapata (type II-4/pageta, p-pp gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanen	en happane	1st singular	olen hapanu	en ole hapanu
2nd singular	happaned	ed happane	2nd singular	oled hapanu	ed ole hapanu
3rd singular	happanou	ei happane	3rd singular	on hapanu	ei ole hapanu
1st plural	happanemme	emme hapakoi	1st plural	olemme hapanu	emme olgoi hapanu
2nd plural	happanette	ette hapakoi	2nd plural	olette hapanu	ette olgoi hapanu
3rd plural	hapatah	ei hapata	3rd plural	oldah hapattu	ei olda hapattu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanin	en hapanu	1st singular	olin hapanu	en olnu hapanu
2nd singular	happanid	ed hapanu	2nd singular	olid hapanu	ed olnu hapanu
3rd singular	happani	ei hapanu	3rd singular	oli hapanu	ei olnu hapanu
1st plural	happanimme	emme hapattu	1st plural	olimme hapanu	emme olnu hapanu
2nd plural	happanitte	ette hapattu	2nd plural	olitte hapanu	ette olnu hapanu
3rd plural	hapattih	ei hapattu	3rd plural	oldih hapattu	ei oldu hapattu
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happanižin	en happaniž	1st singular	oližin hapanu	en oliž hapanu
2nd singular	happanižid	ed happaniž	2nd singular	oližid hapanu	ed oliž hapanu
3rd singular	happaniž	ei happaniž	3rd singular	oliž hapanu	ei oliž hapanu
1st plural	happanižimme	emme happaniž	1st plural	oližimme hapanu	emme oliž hapanu
2nd plural	happanižitte	ette happaniž	2nd plural	oližitte hapanu	ette oliž hapanu
3rd plural	hapataiž	ei hapataiž	3rd plural	oldaiž hapattu	ei oldaiž hapattu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	hapanuižin	en hapanuiž	1st singular	olnuižin hapanu	en olnuiž hapanu
2nd singular	hapanuižid	ed hapanuiž	2nd singular	olnuižid hapanu	ed olnuiž hapanu
3rd singular	hapanuiž	ei hapanuiž	3rd singular	olnuiž hapanu	ei olnuiž hapanu
1st plural	hapanuižimme	emme hapanuiž	1st plural	olnuižimme hapanu	emme olnuiž hapanu
2nd plural	hapanuižitte	ette hapanuiž	2nd plural	olnuižitte hapanu	ette olnuiž hapanu
3rd plural	hapattanuiž	ei hapattanuiž	3rd plural	oldanuiž hapattu	ei oldanuiž hapattu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	happane	ala happane
3rd singular	hapakkah	algah hapakoi
1st plural	hapakam	algam hapakoi
2nd plural	hapakat	algat hapakoi
3rd plural	hapatakkah	aldagah hapakoi
Potential
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	hapanen	en hapane	1st singular	lienen hapanu	en liene hapanu
2nd singular	hapaned	ed hapane	2nd singular	liened hapanu	ed liene hapanu
3rd singular	hapanou	ei hapane	3rd singular	lienou hapanu	ei liene hapanu
1st plural	hapanemme	emme hapane	1st plural	lienemme hapanu	emme liekoi hapanu
2nd plural	hapanette	ette hapane	2nd plural	lienette hapanu	ette liekoi hapanu
3rd plural	hapattaneh	ei hapattane	3rd plural	lietah hapattu	ei liekoi hapattu
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
I		hapata	present	happanij	hapattav
II	inessive	hapates	past	hapanu	hapattu
	essive	hapaten
III	illative	happanemah
	inessive	happanemas
	elative	happanemaspiä
	adessive	happanemal
	abessive	happanemata

References

• M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎, Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak. Related to Finnish hapata.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot, to go bad

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “гнить, загнивать, тухнуть”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika