Вольфрама

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Алюмини (лат.: Wolfram, символоц W) — химиянь элементсь, атомонь номероц 74[1][2]. Атомонь массац 183,84 с.а.е. (г/м)[3][4]. Моляронь тяльгомась 9,53 см³/м[5]. Шапамомшкась +2, +3, +4, +5, +6[6][7].

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba * Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra ** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
* La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
** Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
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Кяльвалсь

  • Donald G. Stevens. World War II Economic Warfare: The United States, Britain, and Portuguese Wolfram. The Historian. 61 (3): 539. 1999. (анг.)
  • Nils F. Nissen, Julia Reinhold. Recyclability of Tungsten, Tantalum and Neodymium from Smartphones. EcoDesign and Sustainability. pp. 365–381. 2021. ISBN 978-981-15-6779-7 (анг.)
  • Erik Lassner, Wolf-Dieter Schubert. Tungsten: properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys, and chemical compounds. Springer. p. 9. 1999. ISBN 978-0-306-45053-2 (анг.)
  • Kerry Turrell. Tungsten. Marshall Cavendish. p. 24. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7614-1548-0 (анг.)
  • John Emsley. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. London: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-01-98-50340-8 (анг.)
  • Norman N. Greenwood, Alan Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 (анг.)
  • Robert Weast. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. 1984. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 (анг.)
  • David R. Lide. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8493-0487-3 (анг.)
  • F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Carlos A. Murillo, Manfred Bochmann. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999. ISBN 978-0-471-19957-1 (анг.)
  • John W. Arblaster. Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. 2018. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 (анг.)
  • Mary Elvira Weeks, Henry M. Leichester. Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. 1968. ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8 (анг.)
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