Nimfa (biologija)

U biologiji, nimfa je nezrela forma nekog beskičmenjaka, posebno isnekta, koja podleže postupnoj metamorfozi^[1]^[2]^[3] (hemimetabolizam) pre dostizanja svog odraslog doba.^[4] Za razliku od tipične larve, celokupni oblik nimfe već podseća na oblik odrasle jedinke, osim nedostatka krila (kod krilatih vrsta). Pored toga, dok se nimfa presvlači, ona nikad ne ulazi u stadijum lutke.^[5] Umesto toga, poslednji preobražaj rezultira odraslim insektom.^[6] Nimfe prolaze kroz više faza razvoja zvanih instari.

To je slučaj, na primer, kod pravokrilaca (zrikavci, skakavci i lokusti), riličara (cicadi, štitaste bube, belokrilke, lisne uši, džasidi, itd.), vodenih cvetova, termita, bubašvaba, bogomoljki, proletnjaka i vilinskih konjica (pravi vilini konjici i vodene device).^[7]

Nimfe vodenih insekata, kao što su , i , takođe se nazivaju i najade, što je starogrčki naziv za mitološke vodene nimfe. Neki entomolozi smatraju da bi se termini larva, nimfa i najada^[8] trebali koristiti prema klasifikaciji načina razvoja (hemimetaboličan, paurometaboličan ili holometabolous), ali drugi su istakli da nema prave zabune.^[9] U starijoj literaturi, oni su se ponekad nazivali heterometaboloznim insektima, jer njihovi odrasli i nezreli stadijumi žive u različitim sredinama (kopnenim nasuprot vodenih).^[10]

Odnos sa ljudima

U ribolovu mušičarenjem sa veštačkim muvama, ova faza vodenih insekata osnova je za čitav niz reprezentativnih obrazaca pastrmke.^[11] One čine više od polovine svih obrazaca kojima se redovno peca riba u Sjedinjenim Državama.

Vidi još

Najade u Grčkoj mitologiji

Reference

[1]
„metamorphosis | biology | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-04-01.
[2]
„What animals undergo incomplete metamorphosis? – Easierwithpractice.com”. easierwithpractice.com. Приступљено 2022-04-01.
[3]
Truman, James W. (2019-12-02). „The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis”. Current Biology (на језику: енглески). 29 (23): R1252—R1268. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31794762. S2CID 208541817. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009.
[4]
Encyclopedia of Entomology Ed. John L. Capinera. Dordrecht, London, Springer. 2008, 2nd Ed. 978-1-4020-6242-1 (Print) 978-1-4020-6359-6 (Online)
[5]
Borror, D. J.; DeLong, Dwight M.; Triplehorn, Charles A. (2004). Introduction to the Study of Insects (Sixth изд.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. ISBN 0-03-096835-6.
[6]
Truman, James (1999). The origins of insect metamorphosis. Washington: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. стр. 447. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 1. 2014. г.
[7]
Britton, David (9. 7. 2009). „Metamorphosis: a remarkable change”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 13. 7. 2015.
[8]
Bybee, Seth M.; Hansen, Quinn; Büsse, Sebastian; Cahill Wightman, Haley M.; Branham, Marc A. (2015). „For consistency's sake: the precise use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta: The use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta”. Systematic Entomology (на језику: енглески). 40 (4): 667—670. doi:10.1111/syen.12136.
[9]
Redei, David; Stys, Pavel (јул 2016). „Larva, nymph and naiad - for accuracy's sake.”. Systematic Entomology. 41 (3): 505—510. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 87053533. doi:10.1111/syen.12177.
[10]
Tutt, J. W. (1897). „The Nature of Metamorphosis”. Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society: 20—27. Приступљено 17. 8. 2020.
[11]
Austin, Matthew (2004). „Nymph patterns of flies”. San Diego: theflystop.com.

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Spoljašnje veze

[1] [1]
„metamorphosis | biology | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-04-01.

[2] [2]
„What animals undergo incomplete metamorphosis? – Easierwithpractice.com”. easierwithpractice.com. Приступљено 2022-04-01.

[3] [3]
Truman, James W. (2019-12-02). „The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis”. Current Biology (на језику: енглески). 29 (23): R1252—R1268. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31794762. S2CID 208541817. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009.

[4] [4]
Encyclopedia of Entomology Ed. John L. Capinera. Dordrecht, London, Springer. 2008, 2nd Ed. 978-1-4020-6242-1 (Print) 978-1-4020-6359-6 (Online)

[5] [5]
Borror, D. J.; DeLong, Dwight M.; Triplehorn, Charles A. (2004). Introduction to the Study of Insects (Sixth изд.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. ISBN 0-03-096835-6.

[6] [6]
Truman, James (1999). The origins of insect metamorphosis. Washington: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. стр. 447. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 1. 2014. г.

[7] [7]
Britton, David (9. 7. 2009). „Metamorphosis: a remarkable change”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 13. 7. 2015.

[8] [8]
Bybee, Seth M.; Hansen, Quinn; Büsse, Sebastian; Cahill Wightman, Haley M.; Branham, Marc A. (2015). „For consistency's sake: the precise use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta: The use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta”. Systematic Entomology (на језику: енглески). 40 (4): 667—670. doi:10.1111/syen.12136.

[9] [9]
Redei, David; Stys, Pavel (јул 2016). „Larva, nymph and naiad - for accuracy's sake.”. Systematic Entomology. 41 (3): 505—510. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 87053533. doi:10.1111/syen.12177.

[10] [10]
Tutt, J. W. (1897). „The Nature of Metamorphosis”. Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society: 20—27. Приступљено 17. 8. 2020.

[11] [11]
Austin, Matthew (2004). „Nymph patterns of flies”. San Diego: theflystop.com.

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