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2019 in politics

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See also: 2010s political history

These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2019.

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See also: Category:2019 by country

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

  • August 1
  • August 2
  • August 5
  • August 7
    • The Singapore Convention on Mediation, also known as the UN Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, comes into effect with 46 countries ratifying it. States that have ratified the treaty will have to ensure that international commercial settlement agreements are enforced by their courts.[54]
  • August 9
    • Data shows that the UK economy shrank by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2019, its first contraction since 2012, according to the Office for National Statistics .[55][56]
    • A major power blackout hits parts of England and Wales, affecting nearly a million people and causing widespread travel disruption.[57]
    • The deputy prime minister of Italy and leader of the League, Matteo Salvini, called for new elections, and announced a no-confidence vote on the government backed by his party in a coalition with the Five Star Movement.[58][59]
  • August 10
  • August 11
    • NYSE drops more than 1%, due to concerns about possible trade war.[61]
    • Argentina's President Mauricio Macri loses a primary vote by a landslide, suggesting possible defeat in October's presidential election. Widespread public discontent is attributed to the country's economic situation, i.e. recession, austerity and inflation at more than 50%.[62]
    • Alejandro Giammattei wins the second round of the 2019 Guatemalan presidential election.[63]
  • August 12
    • Trump Administration announces it will delay its proposal for 10 percent tariffs slated to take effect Sep 1 on certain consumer goods from China while exempting other products — less than two weeks after Trump announced the new proposed tariffs.[64]
    • 2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute: South Korea announces the removal of Japan from its list of most trusted trading partners, effective on September 18.[65][66][67]
  • August 14
    • Main yield curve for US Treasury bonds inverts, as the yield rate for 2-year bonds rises higher than the yield rate for 10-year bonds.[68]
    • Dow Jones plunges more than 500 points, due to concerns over the yield curve inversion.[69][70][71]
    • Germany's economy is announced to have contracted in 2nd quarter, April to June 2019.[72]
  • August 15
    • European Central Bank shuts down PNB Banka after ruling it had become insolvent; this bank was previously called Norvik Banka and was Latvia's sixth-largest lender, and was a critic of the Baltic country's financial authorities.[73]
  • August 21
  • August 22 – US manufacturer growth slows, according to US manufacturing purchasing managers’ index.[76]
  • August 24 –
    • The 45th G7 summit was held on August 24–26, 2019, in Biarritz, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.[77][78] In March 2014, the G7 declared that a meaningful discussion was currently not possible with Russia in the context of the G8. Since then, meetings have continued within the G7 process. However, according to a senior administration official, Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron had agreed that Russia should be invited to the next G7 Summit to be held in 2020.[79] Five points were agreed at the issue of the summit, about:[80]
      • the World Trade Organization, "with regard to intellectual property protection, to settle disputes more swiftly and to eliminate unfair trade practices"[81]
      • the "G7 commits to reaching an agreement in 2020 to simplify regulatory barriers and modernize international taxation within the framework of the OECD"[81]
      • the G7 shares objectives on Iran: "to ensure that Iran never acquires nuclear weapons and to foster peace and stability in the region."[81]
      • on Libya: "We support a truce in Libya that will lead to a long-term ceasefire. We believe that only a political solution can ensure Libya’s stability. We call for a well-prepared international conference to bring together all the stakeholders and regional actors relevant to this conflict. We support in this regard the work of the United Nations and the African Union to set up an inter-Libyan conference."[82]
      • in an opaque reference to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present), "France and Germany will organize a Normandy format summit in the coming weeks to achieve tangible results."[81]
      • in light of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, "The G7 reaffirms the existence and the importance of the 1984 Sino-British agreement on Hong Kong and calls for avoiding violence."[83]

September

  • September 2 – In a speech outside 10 Downing Street, Boris Johnson states his opposition to calling a general election, and urges MPs not to vote for "another pointless delay" to Brexit.[84]
  • September 3
    • Pound sterling falls below $1.20, its lowest level since October 2016, before recovering the day's losses.[85]
    • The Conservative Party government of the UK loses its majority in the House of Commons after Conservative MP Phillip Lee crosses the floor to join the Liberal Democrats.[86]
    • Boris Johnson loses a key Brexit vote, as MPs opposed to no deal take control of House of Commons business, by a majority of 328 to 301. Johnson responds by telling MPs he will now push for an October general election.[87]
  • September 4
    • Italy's incoming Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte to present a new government of the anti-establishment Five Star Movement and former centre-left foes after nearly a month of crisis.[88]
    • A bill intended to block the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal passes its first Commons vote by 329 to 300.[89]
    • UK MPs reject Boris Johnson's motion to call a snap general election for October, failing to achieve the two-thirds Commons majority needed under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act, in a vote of 298 to 56. Labour MPs abstain from the vote.[90]
  • September 6
    • The bill designed to prevent a no deal Brexit is passed by the UK House of Lords.[91]
    • Opposition parties in the UK agree not to back any further government calls for a general election in mid-October.[91]
    • The UK High Court rejects a case brought by anti-Brexit campaigner Gina Miller over the suspension of parliament, ruling that it is lawful.[92]
  • September 8
  • September 9
  • September 10 – The UK Parliament is suspended amid unprecedented protests from opposition MPs, who hold up signs in the House of Commons and refuse to back the suspension.[96]
  • September 16
    • Top Democrats says they are waiting for President Trump to state what gun-control legislation he might be willing to approve.[97]
  • September 17
  • September 20
  • September 24
  • September 25
    • Speaker John Bercow of UK House of Commons opens the first sitting of Parliament with a statement from the chair: he welcomed MPs back to work and informed the House that consequent to the Supreme Court ruling, the Hansard record of the prorogation ceremony would be expunged and corrected to reflect the House as adjourned instead, and that the Royal Assent that had been signified to the Parliamentary Buildings (Restoration and Renewal Act) during the ceremony would be re-signified.[108] UK Attorney-General Cox defended the advice he gave to Johnson as being "in good faith", and distanced himself from comments from Conservative MPs which attacked the independence of the judiciary; specifically, Rees-Mogg's description of the ruling as a "constitutional coup".[109]
  • September 28

October

November

December

History by region or by world issue

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Note: This section is provided for issue-based overviews in narrative format, if desired.

Climate change

In December 2019, the World Meteorological Organization released its annual climate report revealing that climate impacts are worsening.[244] They found the global sea temperatures are rising as well as land temperatures worldwide. 2019 is the last year in a decade that is the warmest on record.[245]

Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.[246]

Banking and finance

In the first half of 2019, global debt levels reached a record high of $250 trillion, led by the US and China.[247] The IMF warned about corporate debt.[247] The European Central Bank raised concerns as well.[248]

EU banking

Concerns increased about the European Debt Crisis as both Greece and Italy continued to have high levels of public debt. This caused concerned about stability of the Euro. In December 2019, the EU announced that banking ministers from EU member nations had failed to reach agreement over proposed banking reforms and systemic change.[249][250] The EU was concerned about high rates of debt in France, Italy and Spain.[251] Italy objected to proposed new debt bailout rules that were proposed to be added to the European Stability Mechanism.[252]

Foreign policy

Yemen conflict

In April 2019, Trump vetoed a bipartisan bill which would have ended US support for the Saudi-led military intervention.[253] With 53 votes instead of the 67 needed, the United States Senate failed to override the veto.[254] The legal arguments and policies of the Obama administration were cited as justification for the veto.[255] The US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy stated that US support was limited to side-by-side coaching to mitigate civilian casualties and if the measure had passed it would do nothing to help the people of Yemen and may only increase civilian deaths.[256] Mulroy supported the United Nation's peace talks and he pushed the international community to come together and chart a comprehensive way ahead for Yemen.[257][258][259] Writing in The Nation, Mohamad Bazzi argued that Mulroy's defence of US support as necessary to limit civilian casualties was false, and that "Saudi leaders and their allies have ignored American entreaties to minimize civilian casualties since the war’s early days".[260]

World trade

US-China Trade Dispute

A trade dispute between the US and China caused economic concerns worldwide. In December 2019, various US officials said a trade deal was likely before a proposed round of new tariffs took effect on December 15, 2019.[261] US tariffs had a negative effect on China's economy, which slowed to growth of 6%.[261]

United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement

The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement[262] is a signed but not ratified free trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The Agreement is the result of a 2017–2018 renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by its member states.[263] Negotiations "focused largely on auto exports, steel and aluminum tariffs, and the dairy, egg, and poultry markets." One provision "prevents any party from passing laws that restrict the cross-border flow of data".[264] Compared to NAFTA, USMCA increases environmental and labour regulations, and incentivizes more domestic production of cars and trucks.[265] The agreement also provides updated intellectual property protections, gives the United States more access to Canada's dairy market, imposes a quota for Canadian and Mexican automotive production, and increases the duty free limit for Canadians who buy U.S. goods online from $20 to $150.[266]

See also

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Overviews

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Specific events and situations

Category

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 in politics.
See also the categories 2019 timelines, 2019-related lists, 2019 by country, and 2019 by continent
See also the categories 2019 in politics and 2019 elections

References

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