2028 United States Senate elections

The 2028 United States Senate elections will be held on November 7, 2028, with 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the United States Congress from January 3, 2029, to January 3, 2035, which will include the entire term of the president who wins the 2028 presidential election and the first two years of the 2032 presidential election winner's term. Senators are divided into 3 groups or classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every 2 years. Class 3 senators were last elected in 2022, and will be up for election again in 2028. These elections will run concurrently with the 2028 United States presidential election.

2028 United States Senate elections

← 2026 November 7, 2028 2030 →
← 2022 2034 →
34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51[a] seats needed for a majority
Map of the incumbents:      Democratic incumbent      Republican incumbent      Republican incumbent retiring      No election      Incumbent TBD in 2026
Incumbent Majority Leader TBD in 2026

Partisan composition

All 34 Class 3 Senate seats are up for election in 2028; Class 3 currently consists of 19 Republicans and 15 Democrats. If vacancies occur in Class 1 or Class 2 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 120th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2028 Senate elections.

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic senator and "R#" is a Republican senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20 Ariz. Undeclared	D19 Ore. Running	D18 Nev. Running	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21 Colo. Undeclared	D22 Conn. Undeclared	D23 Calif. Undeclared	D24 Ga. Undeclared	D25 Hawaii Undeclared	D26 Ill. Undeclared	D27 Md. Undeclared	D28 N.H. Undeclared	D29 N.Y. Undeclared	D30 Pa. Undeclared
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	I2	I1	D32 Wash. Undeclared	D31 Vt. Undeclared
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026
Majority →
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	R31 S.C. Retiring
R21 Kans. Undeclared	R22 Ky. Undeclared	R23 La. Undeclared	R24 Mo. Undeclared	R25 N.C. Undeclared	R26 N.D. Undeclared	R27 Okla. Undeclared	R28 S.D. Undeclared	R29 Utah Undeclared	R30 Wisc. Undeclared
R20 Iowa Undeclared	R19 Ind. Undeclared	R18 Idaho Undeclared	R17 Ark. Undeclared	R16 Alaska Undeclared	R15 Ala. Undeclared	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

After the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
TBD in 2026	I2	I1	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026
Ariz. TBD	Alaska TBD	Ala. TBD	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026
Ark. TBD	Calif. TBD	Colo. TBD	Conn. TBD	Ga. TBD	Hawaii TBD	Idaho TBD	Ill. TBD	Ind. TBD	Iowa TBD
Majority TBD →
									N.C. TBD
N.Y. TBD	N.H. TBD	Nev. TBD	Mo. TBD	Md. TBD	La. TBD	Ky. TBD	Kans. TBD	N.D. TBD
Okla. TBD	Ore. TBD	Pa. TBD	S.C. TBD	S.D. TBD	Utah TBD	Vt. TBD	Wash. TBD	Wisc. TBD	TBD in 2026
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026
TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	TBD in 2026	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Race summary

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2029.

State (linked to summaries below)	Incumbent				Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Last race
Alabama	Katie Britt	Republican	2022	66.6% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Alaska	Lisa Murkowski	Republican	2002 (appointed) 2004 2010 2016 2022	53.7% R[b]	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Arizona	Mark Kelly	Democratic	2020 (special) 2022	51.4% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Arkansas	John Boozman	Republican	2010 2016 2022	65.7% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
California	Alex Padilla	Democratic	2021 (appointed) 2022 (special) 2022	61.1% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Colorado	Michael Bennet	Democratic	2009 (appointed) 2010 2016 2022	55.9% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Connecticut	Richard Blumenthal	Democratic	2010 2016 2022	57.5% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Florida	TBD	TBD[c]	2026 (special)	TBD[d]	Incumbent to be determined in 2026	TBD
Georgia	Raphael Warnock	Democratic	2021 (special) 2022	51.4% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Hawaii	Brian Schatz	Democratic	2012 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022	71.2% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Idaho	Mike Crapo	Republican	1998 2004 2010 2016 2022	60.7% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Illinois	Tammy Duckworth	Democratic	2016 2022	56.8% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Indiana	Todd Young	Republican	2016 2022	58.6% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Iowa	Chuck Grassley	Republican	1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022	56.0% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Kansas	Jerry Moran	Republican	2010 2016 2022	60.0% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Kentucky	Rand Paul	Republican	2010 2016 2022	61.8% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Louisiana	John Kennedy	Republican	2016 2022	61.6% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Maryland	Chris Van Hollen	Democratic	2016 2022	65.8% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Missouri	Eric Schmitt	Republican	2022	55.4% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Nevada	Catherine Cortez Masto	Democratic	2016 2022	48.8% D	Incumbent running	▌Catherine Cortez Masto (Democratic)
New Hampshire	Maggie Hassan	Democratic	2016 2022	53.5% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
New York	Chuck Schumer	Democratic	1998 2004 2010 2016 2022	56.8% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
North Carolina	Ted Budd	Republican	2022	50.5% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
North Dakota	John Hoeven	Republican	2010 2016 2022	56.4% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Ohio	TBD	TBD[e]	2026 (special)	TBD[f]	Incumbent to be determined in 2026	TBD
Oklahoma	James Lankford	Republican	2014 (special) 2016 2022	64.3% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Oregon	Ron Wyden	Democratic	1996 (special) 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022	55.8% D	Incumbent running	▌Ron Wyden (Democratic)[1]
Pennsylvania	John Fetterman	Democratic	2022	51.2% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
South Carolina	Tim Scott	Republican	2013 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022	62.9% R	Incumbent retiring	TBD
South Dakota	John Thune	Republican	2004 2010 2016 2022	69.6% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Utah	Mike Lee	Republican	2010 2016 2022	53.2% R	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Vermont	Peter Welch	Democratic	2022	68.5% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Washington	Patty Murray	Democratic	1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022	57.1% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	TBD
Wisconsin	Ron Johnson	Republican	2010 2016 2022	50.4% R	Incumbent’s intent unknown	TBD

Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

One-term Republican Katie Britt was elected in 2022 with 66.6% of the vote.

Alaska

See also: List of United States senators from Alaska

Four-term Republican Lisa Murkowski was re-elected in 2022 with 53.7% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[2]

Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona

One-term Democrat Mark Kelly was elected to a full term in 2022 with 51.4% of the vote after winning a special election in 2020 to complete the remainder of Republican John McCain's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[3]

Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas

Three-term Republican John Boozman was re-elected in 2022 with 65.7% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[4] Governor of Arkansas Sarah Huckabee Sanders would be a potential candidate if Boozman retires.^{[citation needed]}

California

See also: List of United States senators from California

One-term Democrat Alex Padilla was elected to a first full term in 2022 with 61.1% of the vote after being appointed in 2021 to complete the term of Kamala Harris, who resigned after being elected vice president.

Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado

Three-term Democrat Michael Bennet was re-elected in 2022 with 55.9% of the vote. While he has filed paperwork to be able to run for re-election to the Senate,^[5] he is running for governor in 2026.^[6] U.S. Representatives Joe Neguse, Jason Crow, and Brittany Pettersen are considered potential replacements for Bennet if he becomes governor.^[7]

Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

Three-term Democrat Richard Blumenthal was re-elected in 2022 with 57.5% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[8]

Florida

See also: List of United States senators from Florida

Three-term Republican Marco Rubio was re-elected in 2022 with 57.68% of the vote. He resigned on January 20, 2025, following his confirmation as United States Secretary of State. Governor Ron DeSantis announced he would appoint Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody as an interim successor to serve until the vacancy is filled by a special election in 2026.^[9]

Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

One-term Democrat Raphael Warnock was elected to a full term in a 2022 runoff with 51.4% of the vote, having first been elected in a special election in a 2021 runoff to complete the remainder of Republican Johnny Isakson's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[10] U.S. Representative Rich McCormick has expressed interest in running in the Republican primary.^[11]

Hawaii

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii

Democratic incumbent Brian Schatz was re-elected in 2022 to a second full term with 71.2% of the vote.

Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho

Five-term Republican Mike Crapo was re-elected in 2022 with 60.7% of the vote. U.S. Representative Russ Fulcher is seen as a potential candidate if Crapo retires.^{[citation needed]}

Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Two-term Democrat Tammy Duckworth was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[12]

Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

Two-term Republican Todd Young was re-elected in 2022 with 58.6% of the vote.

Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa

Eight-term Republican Chuck Grassley was re-elected in 2022 with 56.0% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[13] As the most senior member of the Senate, Grassley will be 95 years old at the time of the election.

Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas

Three-term Republican Jerry Moran was re-elected in 2022 with 60.0% of the vote. If Moran decides to retire, U.S. Representative Derek Schmidt could be a potential candidate.^{[citation needed]}

Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Three-term Republican Rand Paul was re-elected in 2022 with 61.8% of the vote.

Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Two-term Republican John Kennedy was re-elected in 2022 with 61.6% of the vote in the first round of the "Louisiana primary". If Kennedy opts for retirement, Governor of Louisiana Jeff Landry could be a potential candidate.^{[citation needed]}

The election to this seat will be the first under a new law which abolished the state's open primary system. Party primaries will be closed off to members of other parties, allowing voters not affiliated with a party to vote in one primary.^[14]

Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Two-term Democrat Chris Van Hollen was re-elected in 2022 with 65.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[15] If Van Hollen opts for retirement, Governor of Maryland Wes Moore could be a potential candidate.^{[citation needed]}

Missouri

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri

One-term Republican Eric Schmitt was elected in 2022 with 55.4% of the vote.

Nevada

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada

Two-term Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto was re-elected in 2022 with 48.8% of the vote. She is running for reelection.^[16]

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

Two-term Democrat Maggie Hassan was re-elected in 2022 with 53.5% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[17] Republican Governor of New Hampshire (2025-present) and former U.S. Senator from this seat (2011-2017) Kelly Ayotte is a potential candidate.^{[citation needed]}

New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York

Five-term Democrat and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[18]

Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez^[19] has been seen as a possible candidate for the Democratic primary. Ocasio-Cortez has seen private support from colleagues to challenge Schumer following his support of a Republican budget bill.^[20] A Data For Progress poll found her leading Schumer 55 to 36 in a hypothetical primary.^[21] A poll by Honan Strategy Group similarly showed a 21-point lead for Ocasio-Cortez over Schumer amongst Democratic primary voters.^[22]

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

One-term Republican Ted Budd was elected in 2022 with 50.5% of the vote. North Carolina Attorney General Jeff Jackson and U.S. Representative Deborah Ross are seen as potential Democratic challengers.^{[citation needed][by whom?]}

North Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota

Three-term Republican John Hoeven was re-elected in 2022 with 56.4% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[23]

Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

One-term Republican JD Vance was elected in 2022 with 53% of the vote. However, he resigned on January 10, 2025, shortly before assuming the office of vice president under the current second Trump administration. Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted, and a special election will be held in 2026.^[24][25]

Oklahoma

See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma

Two-term Republican James Lankford was re-elected in 2022 with 64.3% of the vote. On January 29, 2024, the Oklahoma Republican Party censured Lankford for negotiating with Democrats on a potential border deal.^[26] In an interview the following month, former president Donald Trump stated that Lankford's actions are "very bad for his career" and did not rule out endorsing a primary challenger in 2028.^[27] U.S. Representative Josh Brecheen is seen as a potential challenger or candidate if Lankford declines to run.^{[by whom?]}

Oregon

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon

Five-term Democrat Ron Wyden was re-elected in 2022 with 55.8% of the vote. He is running for re-election.^[1]

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

One-term Democrat John Fetterman was elected in 2022 with 51.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[28]

Former Representative and fellow Democrat Conor Lamb has been seen as a potential primary challenger given his criticism of Fetterman amid liberal discontent with the senator for not opposing President Trump and the Republican party enough, not holding town halls and public events since the November 2024 elections, voting to confirm some of Trump's nominees, and advocating for the United States to bomb Iran while continuously and repeatedly criticizing Democrats. He has been a longtime rival of Fetterman and was one of his two primary opponents in 2022.^{[29][30][31][32][33]} Other potential Democratic primary challengers include state representative Malcolm Kenyatta, state senator Maria Collett, and U.S. Representatives Brendan Boyle, Madeleine Dean, and Chris Deluzio.^[34][35]

South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Two-term Republican incumbent Tim Scott was re-elected in 2022 with 62.9% of the vote. Scott pledged that he would not run for office after his 2022 re-election;^[36] despite this, he unsuccessfully ran for president in 2024.^[37] U.S. Representative Nancy Mace is currently running for Governor of South Carolina, but if she loses her bid she is considered a potential candidate.^{[citation needed]} Congressman Russell Fry is also seen as a potential candidate.^{[citation needed][by whom?]}

South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota

Four-term Republican and Senate Republican Leader John Thune was re-elected in 2022 with 69.6% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[38]

Utah

See also: List of United States senators from Utah

Three-term Republican Mike Lee was re-elected in 2022 with 53.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[39]

Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

One-term Democrat Peter Welch was elected in 2022 with 68.5% of the vote.

Washington

See also: List of United States senators from Washington

Six-term Democrat Patty Murray was re-elected in 2022 with 57.1% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.^[40]

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin

Three-term Republican Ron Johnson was re-elected in 2022 with 50.4% of the vote. Though officially undecided, Johnson has indicated that he will not seek a fourth term.^[41]

Republican businessman Scott Mayer speculated on running for Johnson's seat after passing up running for Wisconsin's other Senate seat in 2024.^[42] United States Secretary of Transportation Sean Duffy is also seen as a potential candidate if Johnson retires.^{[citation needed][by whom?]}

See also

• 2028 United States elections

Notes

1. Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate; accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
2. Against fellow Republican
3. Incumbent Marco Rubio resigned January 20, 2025, after being appointed United States Secretary of State. State attorney general Ashley Moody was appointed by the governor of Florida Ron DeSantis; a special election will take place on November 3, 2026.
4. Republican Marco Rubio won with 57.7% of the vote in 2022, he resigned January 20, 2025, after being appointed Secretary of State.
5. JD Vance resigned January 10, 2025, after being elected Vice President of the United States. Jon Husted was appointed by the governor of Ohio Mike DeWine on January 17; a special election will take place on November 3, 2026.
6. Republican JD Vance won with 53.0% of the vote in 2022; he resigned January 10, 2025, after being elected Vice President of the United States.