1776

1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1776th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 776th year of the 2nd millennium, the 76th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1776, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Quick Facts

1776 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1776 MDCCLXXVI
Ab urbe condita	2529
Armenian calendar	1225 ԹՎ ՌՄԻԵ
Assyrian calendar	6526
Balinese saka calendar	1697–1698
Bengali calendar	1182–1183
Berber calendar	2726
British Regnal year	16 Geo. 3 – 17 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2320
Burmese calendar	1138
Byzantine calendar	7284–7285
Chinese calendar	乙未年 (Wood Goat) 4473 or 4266 — to — 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4474 or 4267
Coptic calendar	1492–1493
Discordian calendar	2942
Ethiopian calendar	1768–1769
Hebrew calendar	5536–5537
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1832–1833
- Shaka Samvat	1697–1698
- Kali Yuga	4876–4877
Holocene calendar	11776
Igbo calendar	776–777
Iranian calendar	1154–1155
Islamic calendar	1189–1190
Japanese calendar	An'ei 5 (安永５年)
Javanese calendar	1701–1702
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4109
Minguo calendar	136 before ROC 民前136年
Nanakshahi calendar	308
Thai solar calendar	2318–2319
Tibetan calendar	ཤིང་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Wood-Sheep) 1902 or 1521 or 749 — to — མེ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Fire-Monkey) 1903 or 1522 or 750

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1776.

Remove ads

Events

January–February

January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.
January 10 – American Revolution – Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet Common Sense, arguing for independence from British rule in the Thirteen Colonies.^[1]
January 20 – American Revolution – South Carolina Loyalists led by Robert Cunningham sign a petition from prison, agreeing to all demands for peace by the formed state government of South Carolina.
January 24 – American Revolution – Henry Knox arrives at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga.
February 17 – Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
February 27 – American Revolution – Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge: Scottish North Carolina Loyalists charge across Moore's Creek Bridge near Wilmington, to attack what they mistakenly believe to be a small force of rebels. Several leaders are killed in the ensuing battle. The patriot victory^[2] virtually ends all British authority in the province.

March–April

March – Restrictions on the cereal trade in Sweden are lifted.
March 2–3 – American Revolutionary War:
- Battle of Nassau: The American Continental Navy and Marines make a successful assault on Nassau, Bahamas.
- Battle of the Rice Boats: American Patriots resist the Royal Navy on the Savannah River; British control over the Province of Georgia is lost.
March 4 – American Revolutionary War – American Patriots capture Dorchester Heights, dominating the port of Boston.
March 9 – Scottish economist Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations in London.
March 17 – American Revolutionary War – Threatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuate Boston, ending the 11‑month Siege of Boston.^[2]
March 25 – American Revolutionary War – American Patriots conduct a Raid on Tybee Island, primarily seeking to capture runaway slaves who sought refuge with British forces stationed there.^[3]
March 28
- Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco.
- The Bolshoi Ballet, a world-renowned ballet group, is founded in Moscow, Russia.^{[page needed]}
April 12 – American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina produces the Halifax Resolves, making it the first British colony to officially authorize its Continental Congress delegates, to vote for independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
April 27 – Jeongjo becomes the King of Joseon following the death of his grandfather Yeongjo.

May–June

May 1 – Adam Weishaupt founds the Illuminati in Ingolstadt, Bavaria.
May 4 – Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III of Great Britain.
May 15–26 – American Revolution – Battle of the Cedars: British forces skirmish with the American Continental Army around Les Cèdres, Quebec.
June 6 – A fire destroys major parts of the town of Askersund, Sweden.^[4]
June 7 – American Revolution – Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposes to the Second Continental Congress (meeting in Philadelphia) that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states."
June 8 – American Revolution – Battle of Trois-Rivières: The invading American Continental Army is driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec.
June 10 – Death of King Hsinbyushin of the Konbaung dynasty.
June 11 – American Revolution – The Continental Congress appoints a Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of Independence.
June 12 – American Revolution – The Virginia Declaration of Rights (by George Mason) is adopted by the Virginia Convention of Delegates.
June 15 – American Revolution – Delaware Separation Day: The Delaware General Assembly votes to suspend government under the British Crown.
June 17 – Lt. José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on June 29 and, with Father Francisco Palóu, constructing the Mission San Francisco de Asís ("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio of San Francisco, the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city.
June 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Sullivan's Island: South Carolina militia repel a British attack on Charleston.
June 29 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet: The American Continental Navy successfully challenges the British Royal Navy blockade off New Jersey.

July–August

July 2 – American Revolution – The final U.S. Declaration of Independence (with minor revisions) is written. The Continental Congress passes the Lee Resolution.
July 4 – American Revolution – United States Declaration of Independence: The Continental Congress ratifies the declaration by the United States of its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.^[5]
July 8 – American Revolution – The Liberty Bell rings in Philadelphia, for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.
July 9 – American Revolution – An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain in Bowling Green.
July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal.
July 21 – Mozart's Serenade No. 7 (the "Haffner") is first performed in Salzburg, Austria.
July 29 – Domínguez–Escalante expedition: Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.^[6]
August 1 – The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is established in southern South America.
August 2 – Most of the American colonies ratify the Declaration of Independence.
August 15 – American Revolution – The first Hessian troops land on Staten Island, to join British forces.
August 25 – Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume dies.
August 27 – American Revolution – Battle of Long Island: Washington's troops are defeated in Brooklyn by the British, under William Howe.
August – The guild organisation Marchandes de modes is founded in Paris.

September–October

September 1 – Cherokee–American wars: The invasion of the Cherokee Nation by 6,000 patriot troops from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina begins. The troops destroy 36 Cherokee towns.^[6]
September 6 – A hurricane hits Guadeloupe, killing more than 6,000 people.
September 7 – American Revolutionary War – World's first submarine attack: The American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship HMS Eagle, in New York Harbor.
September 9 – The Continental Congress officially names its union of states the United States (previously the United Colonies).^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]
September 11 – American Revolutionary War – An abortive peace conference takes place between the British and Americans, on Staten Island.
September 15 – American Revolutionary War – Landing at Kip's Bay: British troops land on Manhattan at Kips Bay.^[2]

September 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Harlem Heights: The Continental Army under Washington is victorious against the British on Manhattan.
September 17 – The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.
September 20 – The Great Fire of New York of 1776 starts during the night, ending the following morning.
September 22 – American Revolutionary War – Nathan Hale is executed by the British in New York City, for espionage.
September 24
- The first running of the St Leger Stakes horse race^[5] (not yet named) in England, first of the British Classic Races, devised by Anthony St Leger (British Army officer), takes place on Cantley Common at Doncaster. The winner is a filly (later named Allabaculia) owned by the organiser, the 2nd Marquess of Rockingham.
- The Bolshoi Theatre company hosts its first annual opera season, with the opening of the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.^[12]
October 7 – Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.
October 9 – Father Francisco Palóu founds the Mission San Francisco de Asís, in what is now San Francisco.
October 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Valcour Island: On Lake Champlain near Valcour Island, a British fleet led by Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats, commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships are destroyed, the two-day-long battle will give Patriot forces enough time to prepare the defenses of New York City.
October 18 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Pell's Point: Troops of the American Continental Army resist a British and Hessian force in The Bronx.
October 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of White Plains: British forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans.^[2]
October 31 – In his first speech before British Parliament since the Declaration of Independence that summer, King George III acknowledges that all is not going well for Britain, in the war with the United States.

November–December

November 16
- American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Washington: Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American Continental Army.
- The captain of the American navy ship Andrew Doria fires a salute to the Dutch flag on Fort Oranje, and Johannes de Graaff answers with 11 gun shots.^[13]
November 20 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Lee: The invasion of New Jersey, by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army.
December 5 – The Phi Beta Kappa society is founded at the College of William & Mary in Virginia.
December 6 – The General Assembly of Virginia votes to create Kentucky County as the portion of the colony's Fincastle County that is located west of the Cumberland Mountains.^[14] In 1792, the county will become the 15th state of the United States as the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The rest of Fincastle County, between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachians is divided into the first county to be named after George Washington (Washington County, Virginia) in the south along the border with the North Carolina colony, and Montgomery County in the north. The divisions take effect on December 31.^[15]
December 7 – American Revolutionary War – The Marquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the American military as a major general.
December 12 – The second Continental Congress ends after a session that began on May 10, 1775, and continued for 582 days.^[16]
December 19 – American Revolution – Thomas Paine, living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on The American Crisis in The Pennsylvania Journal, opening with the stirring phrase, "These are the times that try men's souls."
December 21 – American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into the State of North Carolina after adopting its own constitution. Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state.

December 25 – American Revolution – At 6 p.m. Gen. George Washington and his troops, numbering 2,400, march to McConkey's Ferry, cross the Delaware River, and land on the New Jersey bank by 3 a.m. the following morning.
December 26 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Trenton: Washington's troops surprise the 1,500 Hessian troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory,^[2] taking 948 prisoners while suffering only five wounded.