1770

February 21 – Georges Mouton, Marshal of France (d. 1838)
March 2 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet, Marshal of France (d. 1826)
March 20 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (d. 1843)
April 3 – Theodoros Kolokotronis, Greek general (d. 1843)
April 7 – William Wordsworth, English poet (d. 1850)
April 8 – John Campbell, Australian public servant, politician (d. 1830)
April 11 – George Canning, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
April 25 – Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian philologist (d. 1850)
April 30 – David Thompson, English-Canadian explorer (d. 1857)
May 10 – Louis-Nicolas Davout, Marshal of France (d. 1823)
May 15 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur, politician (d. 1843)
May 27 – Ignaz Döllinger, German anatomist, physiologist (d. 1841)
May 29 – Charles Adams, second son of President John Adams (1735–1826) (d. 1800)
June 1 – Friedrich Laun, German author (d. 1849)

June 3 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (d. 1820)
June 4 – Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll, Swedish countess, poet and salon holder (d. 1835)
June 7 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1828)
June 20 – Moses Waddel, American educator/minister and bestselling author (d. 1840)
August 1 – William Clark, American explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1838)
August 3 – King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840)
August 18 – Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer, German scholar (d. 1825)

August 27 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher (d. 1831)
October 10 – Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Baltic German explorer who led the First Russian circumnavigation (d. 1846)
October 18 – Thomas Phillips, English painter (d. 1845)
November 5 – Sarah Guppy, English inventor (d. 1852)
November 19 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish-Icelandic sculptor (d. 1844)

December 17 (bapt.) – Ludwig van Beethoven, German classical composer (d. 1827)
December 18 – Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marshal of France, Minister of War (d. 1840)

1771

February 14 – Hanne Tott, Danish circus artist, circus manager (d. 1826)
March 16 – Antoine-Jean Gros, French painter (d. 1835)
March 20 – Heinrich Clauren, German author (d. 1854)
March 25 – Germanos III of Old Patras, Greek Metropolitan Bishop of Patras (d. 1826)
April 3 – Hans Nielsen Hauge, Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d. 1824)
April 13 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor (d. 1833)
April 18 – Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1820)
April 27 – Jean Rapp, French general (d. 1821)
May 1 – Cajsa Wahllund, Finnish restaurateur (d. 1843)
May 11 – Laskarina Bouboulina, Greek independence heroine (d. 1825)

May 14 – Robert Owen, Welsh social reformer (d. 1858)
May 16 – Louis Henri Loison, French general (d. 1816)

June 5 – Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (d. 1851)
June 24 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, French-American chemist, industrialist (d. 1834)
August 15 – Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, poet (d. 1832)^[114]
September 5 – Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general, statesman (d. 1847)
September 11 – Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806)^[115]
September 17 – Johann August Apel, German writer, jurist (d. 1816)
September 23 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840)
October 9 – Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1815)
October 23 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813)
November 14 – Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and pathologist (d. 1802)
December 14 – Regina von Siebold, German physician and obstetrician (d. 1849)
December 27 – William Johnson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1834)
Unknown – William Lloyd, Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d. 1841)

1772

January 20 – Angélique Brûlon, French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (d. 1859)
January 30 – Godfrey Higgins, British archaeologist (d. 1833)
February 24 – William H. Crawford, American politician, judge (d. 1834)
March 10 – Friedrich von Schlegel, German poet (d. 1829)
March 15 – József Ficzkó, Burgenland Croatian writer (d. 1843)
April 4 – Nachman of Breslov, Hasidic rabbi and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d. 1810)
April 5 – Domenico Puccini, Italian composer (d. 1815)
April 7 – Charles Fourier, French philosopher (d. 1837)^[116]
April 18 – David Ricardo, British economist (d. 1823)
April 30 – Karl Gustav Himly, German surgeon, ophthalmologist (d. 1837)
May 2 – Novalis, German poet (d. 1801)
May 20 – William Congreve, British rocket pioneer (d. 1828)
May 22 – Ram Mohan Roy, Hindu religious and social reformer (d. 1833)
June 7 – Aurora Liljenroth, Swedish scholar (d. 1836)
July 11 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (d. 1838)
August 2 – Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (d. 1804)
August 15 – Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, German inventor (d. 1838)

August 24 – King William I of the Netherlands (d. 1843)
September 27 – Martha Jefferson Randolph, Acting First Lady of the United States (1801-1809) (d. 1836)
October 6 – Anna Maria Rüttimann-Meyer von Schauensee, politically active Swiss salonist (d. 1856)

October 21 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet and philosopher (d. 1834)
October 25 – Géraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)
November 5 – Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière, French admiral (d. 1849)
November 8 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834)
November 18 – Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (d. 1806)
date unknown
- Thomas Noble, English poet and translator (d. 1837)
- Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Indonesian religious and military leader (d. 1864)
approximate date
- Charlotte Dacre, English Gothic novelist (d. 1825)
- Lalon, Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d. 1890)

1773

January 14 – William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, British ambassador to China, Governor-General of India (d. 1857)
January 16 – Robert Fullerton, governor of Penang, first governor of British Straits Settlements (d. 1831)
January 27 – Prince Augustus of Great Britain, Duke of Sussex (d. 1843)
January 29 – Friedrich Mohs, German geologist, mineralogist (d. 1839)

February 9 – William Henry Harrison, American military leader and ninth President of the United States (d. 1841)
March 14 – John Holmes, American politician (d. 1843)
March 16 – Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (d. 1836)
March 26 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (d. 1838)
April 4 – Étienne Maurice Gérard, Prime Minister and Marshal of France (d. 1852)
April 9
- Étienne Aignan, French writer, librettist, and playwright (d. 1824)
- Marie Boivin, French midwife, inventor and obstetrics writer (d. 1841)
April 14 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Prime Minister of France (d. 1854)
May 2 – Henrik Steffens, Norwegian philosopher (d. 1845)
May 3 – Giuseppe Acerbi, Italian explorer (d. 1846)

May 15 – Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian statesman (d. 1859)
May 19 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (d. 1854)
May 31 – Ludwig Tieck, German writer (d. 1853)
June 13 – Thomas Young, English scientist (d. 1829)
July 23 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
August 12 – Karl Faber, German historian (d. 1853)
August 22 – Aimé Bonpland, French explorer, botanist (d. 1858)
September 17 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (d. 1849)

October 4 – Harriet Auber, English poet, hymnist (d. 1862)
October 6 – Louis Philippe I, King of the French (d. 1850)
November 6 – Henry Hunt, British politician (d. 1835)
November 24 – Shadrach Bond, American politician and the first governor of Illinois (d. 1832)
December 9 – Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt, French general, diplomat (d. 1827)
December 17 – Sylvain Charles Valée, Marshal of France (d. 1846)
December 21 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (d. 1858)
December 27 – Sir George Cayley, English aviation pioneer (d. 1857)
Unknown – Johann Gottfried Arnold, German cellist (d. 1806)
Unknown – Kyra Frosini, Greek heroine (d. 1800)
Unknown – Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse
Unknown – Anna Moór, Hungarian actress (d. 1841)

1774

Thumb — William Farquhar born 26 February

Thumb — Magdalene of Canossa born 1 March

Thumb — Johann Caspar Horner born 12 March

Thumb — Friederike von Reden born 12 May

Thumb — Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs born 15 May

Thumb — Charles de Graimberg born 30 July

Thumb — Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn born 24 August

Thumb — Elisabeth Canori Mora born 21 November

January 1
- Lancelot Baugh Allen, Master of Dulwich College (d. 1845)
- André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860)
- Pietro Giordani, Italian writer (d. 1848)
- James Johnson, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d. 1826)
- William Piper, American politician (d. 1852)
January 2 – Thomas Lynn, British soldier (d. 1847)
January 3 – Juan Aldama, Jugador de Beisbole (d. 1811)
January 4
- Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1832)
- Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d. 1850)
- William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838)
January 5 – George Chinnery, British artist (d. 1852)
January 6
- Ole Elias Holck, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d. 1842)
- James McCall, American politician (d. 1856)
January 7
- Anna Bunina, Russian poet (d. 1829)
- Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d. 1806)
January 8 – John Gibbons, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844)
January 10
- Augustin de Macarty, American politician (d. 1844)
- Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d. 1796)
- William Stewart, British military officer (d. 1827)
January 11
- Antoine Drouot, French general (d. 1847)
- Charles Henry Schwanfelder, British artist (d. 1837)
- Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d. 1848)
January 12 – William Cahoon, American politician (d. 1833)
January 14 – Benjamin Aislabie, cricketer (d. 1842)
January 16 – Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d. 1835)
January 17
- Marie-Thérèse Figueur, French writer (d. 1861)
- Maria Theresa Kemble, British actress (d. 1838)
- Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d. 1861)
January 18
- Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d. 1823)
- James Millingen, British archaeologist (d. 1845)
January 19
- Edward Protheroe, British politician (d. 1856)
- Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d. 1846)
January 20 – Charles George Beauclerk, British Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
January 21 – William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d. 1829)
January 22 – Francesco Fuoco, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841)
January 23 – Richard Southgate, American politician (d. 1857)
January 24
- Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d. 1861)
- Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx, Belgian politician (d. 1863)
January 25 – Jules-Paul Pasquier, French jurist (d. 1858)
January 29
- Olinthus Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1841)
- Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1849)
January 30 – Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1839)
January 31
- William Blake, British economist; (d. 1852)
- William George Maton, English physician (d. 1835)
- Thomas Veazey, American politician (d. 1842)
- Phineas Waller, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)

February 1
- John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838)
- Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d. 1840)
February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d. 1828)
February 3
- Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d. 1854)
- Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d. 1825)
February 4 – Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist (d. 1820)
February 5 – Juan Fermín de San Martín, Spanish military personnel (d. 1822)
February 6 – Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d. 1823)
February 7 – Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d. 1850)
February 8
- Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838)
- Samuel Moore, American politician (d. 1861)
- Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d. 1852)
February 9
- William Lattimore, American physician and politician (d. 1843)
- Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843)
February 11
- Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d. 1854)
- Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d. 1847)
February 12 – Valentin Stanič, Austrian teacher (d. 1847)
February 13
- Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d. 1863)
- Thomas Myers, British mathematician (d. 1834)
February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d. 1799)
February 16
- Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820)
- Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830)
February 17
- Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d. 1858)
- Raphaelle Peale, painter from the United States (d. 1825)
February 18 – William Clark, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851)
February 24
- Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, British and Hanoverian Royal (d. 1850)
- Archibald Constable, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1827)
- Perley Keyes, American politician (d. 1834)
- Robert S. Rose, American politician (d. 1835)
- Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1850)
- Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d. 1861)
February 25 – George Gore, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844)
February 26
- Joseph Bédard, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
- William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d. 1839)
- Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d. 1852)
February 27 – Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d. 1801)
February 28
- Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, King of Mysore (d. 1796)
- Thomas Tooke, British economist (d. 1858)

March 1
- Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d. 1835)
- Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d. 1819)
March 2
- Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830)
- Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d. 1840)
March 4 – Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American politician (d. 1811)
March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d. 1842)
March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d. 1849)
March 9
- Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of Topaz, rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in 1808 (d. 1828)
- Louis Auguste Say, French economist (d. 1840)
March 10 – David Semyonovich Abamelik, Russian-Armenian general-major (d. 1833)
March 12
- Johann Caspar Horner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1834)
- John Scott, English engraver (d. 1827)
- Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d. 1836)
March 13
- Rose Fortune, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1864)
- Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (d. 1833)
March 14
- Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d. 1841)
- Jedediah Morgan, American politician (d. 1826)
March 15
- John Conrad Otto, American physician (d. 1844)
- Salomon Soldin, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d. 1837)
- Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d. 1856)
March 16
- Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814)
- Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d. 1834)
March 19 – Franz von Paula Gruithuisen, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d. 1852)
March 20 – Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d. 1842)
March 21 – George Scovell, British Army general (d. 1861)
March 24 – Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, French botanist (d. 1849)
March 25
- Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre, British politician (d. 1851)
- Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851)
March 28 – William Williams, British Member of Parliament (d. 1839)
March 30
- Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d. 1855)
- Claudine Thévenet, French Catholic religious sister (d. 1837)
March 31
- Enos Bronson, American writer (d. 1823)
- Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d. 1835)

April 1
- Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d. 1837)
- Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d. 1841)
- Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d. 1837)
April 5 – Thomas Potter, British politician (d. 1845)
April 6
- José de Córdoba y Rojas, Spanish admiral (d. 1810)
- Marmaduke Williams, American politician (d. 1850)
April 7
- Joseph Bailly, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d. 1835)
- Robert William Elliston, British actor (d. 1831)
- Abner Kneeland, United States theologian (d. 1844)
April 8
- Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815)
- Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d. 1832)
- James William Freshfield, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864)
April 9 – John Stanly, American politician (d. 1834)
April 11
- Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d. 1853)
- Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d. 1854)
- Lawrence Augustine Washington, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824)
April 12
- Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851)
- Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1847)
April 13 – John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862)
April 15 – Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851)
April 16
- George Bennet, English missionary (d. 1841)
- Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d. 1850)
April 17
- Friedrich Koenig, German printer (d. 1833)
- Robert Spankie, British politician, barrister (d. 1842)
- Václav Tomášek, Czech music educator and composer (d. 1850)
April 18
- Antonio Basoli, Italian painter (d. 1848)
- Madhavrao II, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1795)
- Georg von Langsdorff, Russian-German scientist (d. 1852)
April 19 – Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d. 1845)
April 21
- Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1833)
- Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862)
- Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d. 1829)
April 23 – Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865)
April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838)
April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d. 1840)
April 26
- Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (d. 1853)
- Anne Jean Marie René Savary, French general (d. 1833)
April 28
- Francis Baily, British astronomer (d. 1844)
- Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British noble (d. 1844)
- James Deacon Hume, British economist (d. 1842)
- Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d. 1806)
- Manuel Piar, Venezuelan general (d. 1817)
April 29
- Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d. 1826)
- Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d. 1856)
- David Hoadley, American architect (d. 1839)
- Richard Sass, British artist (d. 1849)
April 30 – John Yelloly, English doctor (d. 1842)

May 1
- John Reeves, English naturalist (d. 1856)
- Robert Watt, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d. 1819)
May 2
- George Lewis, Royal Marines officer (d. 1854)
- Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d. 1837)
May 4
- Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d. 1840)
- Rufus Easton, American politician (d. 1834)
May 5
- Robert Barrie, British naval officer (d. 1841)
- Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d. 1809)
May 6
- Pierce Butler, British politician (d. 1846)
- John Elias, Welsh writer and preacher (d. 1841)
- Christoph von Lieven, Russian general and prince (d. 1839)
May 7
- William Bainbridge, United States Navy officer (d. 1833)
- Jonathan Makepeace, U.S. politician (d. 1850)
May 11 – James Townley, English Wesleyan minister and author (d. 1833)
May 12
- Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853)
- Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d. 1854)
- Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d. 1854)
May 14
- Joseph Bouchette, Canadian surveyor (d. 1841)
- Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d. 1835)
May 15 – Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d. 1856)
May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1845)
May 18 – Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855)
May 21
- Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812)
- Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820)
May 22
- James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862)
- Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d. 1856)
May 24
- Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d. 1862)
- Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d. 1845)
- Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843)
May 25
- Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828)
- John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851)
May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d. 1827)
May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d. 1857)
May 28 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)

June 1
- Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d. 1849)
- Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d. 1836)
June 2 – William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d. 1850)
June 3
- John Roblin, Canadian politician (d. 1813)
- Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d. 1810)
June 5
- Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d. 1841)
- Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d. 1857)
June 6
- Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824)
- János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d. 1847)
- Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d. 1846)
June 8 – Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d. 1839)
June 9
- Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d. 1832)
- Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d. 1856)
- Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807)
- Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d. 1829)
- Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d. 1846)
June 10
- George Dollond, British astronomer (d. 1852)
- Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817)
June 11
- Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d. 1823)
- George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859)
June 13 – Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d. 1857)
June 14
- David Low Dodge, American theologian (d. 1852)
- Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d. 1846)
June 17 – Asahel Stearns, American politician (d. 1839)
June 18
- Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d. 1840)
- Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817)
June 19
- Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d. 1848)
- Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d. 1841)
- Leonard Woods, American theologian (d. 1854)
June 21
- James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843)
- Daniel D. Tompkins, American politician; sixth vice president of the United States (d. 1825)
June 23
- François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d. 1839)
- Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d. 1854)
June 24
- Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d. 1819)
- John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855)
- Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d. 1775)
- François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838)
- Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d. 1848)
- Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844)
- Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843)
June 25
- James Gage, Canadian businessman (d. 1854)
- Marcus Wallenberg, Swedish bishop, 1774–1833 (d. 1833)
June 29 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1846)

July 5
- George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853)
- Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808)
July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812)
July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d. 1806)
July 10 – Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808)
July 11
- Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d. 1854)
- Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d. 1841)
- Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d. 1852)
July 12
- Jonathan Friedrich Bahnmaier, German theologian (d. 1841)
- Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d. 1834)
- James Stuart, politician (d. 1833)
July 14
- Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d. 1825)
- Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d. 1842)
- Francis Lathom, British writer (d. 1832)
July 15 – David Jacob van Lennep, Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d. 1853)
July 17 – John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d. 1856)
July 20
- Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d. 1839)
- Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d. 1852)
July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d. 1857)
July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d. 1840)
July 28
- Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d. 1850)
- John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862)
July 29 – Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d. 1854)
July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864)
July 31
- Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853)
- Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d. 1840)

August 1
- John Adam, silversmith (d. 1848)
- Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853)
- Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d. 1839)
August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d. 1829)
August 5
- Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d. 1842)
- John C. Devereux, American politician (d. 1848)
August 6 – Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859)
August 7
- François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855)
- William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d. 1826)
August 9
- George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d. 1841)
- Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d. 1852)
August 11
- Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d. 1854)
- Joseph Franque, French painter (d. 1833)
- Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d. 1849)
- François Tassé, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
August 12
- Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d. 1857)
- Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d. 1832)
- Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d. 1839)
- Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843)
August 13
- Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d. 1823)
- John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855)
August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d. 1852)
August 17
- George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871)
- Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d. 1827)
August 18
- Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816)
- Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809)
August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d. 1861)
August 20
- Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853)
- Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d. 1841)
August 22
- François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812)
- Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d. 1839)
August 23
- Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853)
- Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d. 1849)
- Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d. 1863)
- William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d. 1842)
August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d. 1848)
August 25 – Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815)
August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d. 1840)
August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821)
August 30 – Henri Van Assche, painter (d. 1841)
August 31 – Charles Turner, English engraver (d. 1857)

September 1
- George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816)
- Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d. 1842)
September 5
- Enos Collins, Canadian businessman (d. 1871)
- Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d. 1840)
September 7
- Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d. 1850)
- Colin Halkett, British Army general (d. 1856)
- Vedanayagam Sastriar (d.1864), Tamil Lutheran hymnwriter and court poet in the palace of Serfoji II, the last Maratha King of Thanjavur.
September 8
- Richard Ashley, English viola player (d. 1836)
- Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824)
September 9 – Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855)
September 14
- Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d. 1839)
- Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853)
- Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d. 1839)
September 15
- Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853)
- María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d. 1840)
September 17
- William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1857)
- Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d. 1845)
September 19
- Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d. 1849)
- Coulson Wallop, English politician (d. 1807)
September 21 – John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d. 1848)
September 24
- Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d. 1848)
- Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838)
- Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d. 1842)
September 25
- Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828)
- Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d. 1834)
September 26 – Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d. 1845)
September 27
- John Griscom, American chemist (d. 1852)
- Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d. 1835)
September 28
- Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d. 1836)
- Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d. 1848)
September 30
- Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d. 1842)
- George Mathews, American judge (d. 1836)

October 2 – Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d. 1837)
October 4
- Francis Ommanney, British MP (d. 1840)
- Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815)
October 7
- Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d. 1848)
- Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d. 1863)
October 8
- Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d. 1846)
- John Ely, American politician (d. 1849)
- Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
October 10 – Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d. 1840)
October 12
- George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d. 1836)
- Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d. 1842)
- Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d. 1841)
October 13
- William Astell, English banker and politician (d. 1847)
- Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d. 1826)
October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829)
October 18
- Adolf Müllner, German writer (d. 1829)
- Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d. 1852)
October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d. 1823)
October 21 – Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838)
October 23
- Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828)
- René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844)
October 26 – Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853)
October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d. 1848)
October 28
- John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 1835)
- Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d. 1860)
October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822)
October 30
- Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d. 1860)
- Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

November 1
- Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d. 1839)
- René Perin, French playwright (d. 1858)
November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d. 1832)
November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d. 1848)
November 4
- Robert Allan, poet (d. 1841)
- Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
- Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d. 1848)
- John Warrock, American publisher (d. 1858)
- Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d. 1860)
November 5
- William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851)
- Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d. 1854)
November 6
- David Bevan, banker (d. 1846)
- Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d. 1852)
November 7
- Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d. 1848)
- Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851)
November 8
- Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d. 1827)
- Robert Reid, British architect (d. 1856)
November 9
- Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1846)
- Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d. 1849)
November 10 – John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862)
November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d. 1842)
November 12
- Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d. 1842)
- Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d. 1809)
November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851)
November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824)
November 18
- William Horsley, English musician (d. 1858)
- Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1837)
November 19 – Vasile Moga, Romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d. 1845)
November 20
- Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d. 1841)
- Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d. 1839)
November 21
- Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d. 1825)
- Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d. 1825)
November 24 – Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d. 1857)
November 25 – Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d. 1837)
November 26
- Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d. 1845)
- William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d. 1849)
- Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d. 1842)
November 27 – John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d. 1850)
November 28
- Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1825)
- Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)
- Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d. 1841)
November 29
- Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d. 1861)
- Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

December 1 – Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859)
December 2
- François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d. 1842)
- François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d. 1848)
December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d. 1850)
December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d. 1854)
December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d. 1835)
December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d. 1848)
December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853)
December 12 – William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836)
December 13
- Eline Heger, Danish actress (d. 1842)
- Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d. 1842)
December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807)
December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d. 1835)
December 17
- Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d. 1821)
- Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d. 1860)
December 20
- John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853)
- Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d. 1849)
December 21
- John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d. 1841)
- James Ingram, English academic (d. 1850)
December 23 – Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844)
December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d. 1852)
December 27
- Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
- Ephraim Hart, American politician (d. 1839)
- Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d. 1849)
December 28
- Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817)
- Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d. 1854)
December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d. 1849)
December 31 – John Pringle, British Army officer (d. 1861)
date unknown – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)

1775

Thumb — William Hall (governor) born 11 February

Thumb — Simmons Jones Baker born 15 February

Thumb — Adam Albert von Neipperg born 8 April

Thumb — Vasily Orlov-Denisov born 8 September

January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849)
January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863)
January 4
- George Weare Braikenridge, English antiquarian (d. 1856)
- Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d. 1778)
January 6
- Date Narimura, Japanese daimyō (d. 1796)
- Horace St Paul, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850)
January 9
- Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d. 1842)
- Antonio Villavicencio, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d. 1816)
January 10 – James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d. 1870)
January 13 – Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1856)
January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d. 1849)
January 18
- Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d. 1817)
- Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d. 1801)
January 19
- Hudson Gurney, English antiquary and verse-writer (d. 1864)
- George Pyke, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
January 20 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836)^[117]
January 22
- Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d. 1832)

January 23
- Pietro Colletta, Neapolitan general and historian (d. 1831)
- José Fernández Salvador, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d. 1853)
- John Rubens Smith, London-born painter (d. 1849)
January 27 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
January 28
- Lady Charlotte Bury, English novelist (d. 1861)
- James Brown Mason, American physician and legislator (d. 1819)
January 30 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
January 31
- Giordano Bianchi Dottula, Italian writer and politician (d. 1846)
- John Richard Farre, English physician (d. 1862)
February 1
- Philippe de Girard, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d. 1845)
- Jochum Nicolay Müller, Norwegian naval officer who (d. 1848)
February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d. 1823)
February 3
- Maximilien Sébastien Foy, French military leader (d. 1825)
- Louis-François Lejeune, French general, painter and printmaker (d. 1848)
February 8
- Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d. 1841)
- Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d. 1869)
- Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d. 1855)
February 9
- Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1856)
- Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d. 1856)
February 10
- Charles Lamb, English essayist (d. 1834)
- James Wilkes Maurice, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1857)
- Ádám Récsey, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d. 1852)
February 11 – William Hall, American politician (d. 1856)
February 12 – Charles Lloyd, English poet (d. 1839)
February 14 – William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d. 1849)
February 15
- Paul Allen, American author and editor (d. 1826)
- Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d. 1843)
February 17
- Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, German portrait painter (d. 1844)
- Frederick Garling, English attorney and solicitor (d. 1848)
February 18 – Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802)
February 19
- John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d. 1840)
- Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d. 1831)
February 20
- Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d. 1846)
- Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic American steamboat Enterprise (1814) (d. 1847)
- John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1827)
February 21
- Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d. 1815)
- Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d. 1831)
February 22
- William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848)
February 24
- Claudius Hunter, Lord Mayor of London (d. 1851)
- Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847)
- Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d. 1855)
February 25 – John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842)
February 26 – Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836)
February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833)
March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d. 1854)
March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837)
March 5
- Charlotte Richardson, English poet (d. 1825)
- Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d. 1828)
March 9
- Jean Kickx, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d. 1831)
- Constance Mayer, French painter (d. 1821)
March 10
- Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d. 1848)
- Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1858)
March 11
- Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
- Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d. 1840)
March 12
- Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d. 1841)
- Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d. 1832)
- Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d. 1849)
- James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d. 1861)
March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844)
March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841)
March 17 – Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833)
March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d. 1862)
March 22
- Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d. 1827)
- Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d. 1831)
- Armand Gouffé, French poet (d. 1845)
March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d. 1856)
March 24
- Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d. 1835)
- Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d. 1847)
- Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835)
March 25 – John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d. 1861)
March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834)
March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850)
March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842)
March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)

April 2
- John Higton, English animal painter (d. 1827)
- Calvin Jones, American politician (d. 1846)
- Moses Walton, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847)
April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d. 1816)
April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d. 1840)
April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d. 1853)
April 7
- Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865)
- Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d. 1817)
- Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860)
April 8
- Antoine Charles Cazenove, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d. 1852)
- Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829)
- Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d. 1825)
April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844)
April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858)
April 12
- Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d. 1854)
- Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d. 1836)
April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843)
April 14
- Karl Becker, German philologist (d. 1849)
- John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d. 1851)
April 16
- Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858)
- Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d. 1837)
April 21
- Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d. 1870)
- Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, British politician (d. 1851)
April 22
- Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d. 1831)
- Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833)
April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851)
April 25
- William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
- Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d. 1849)
- Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1830)
April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1849)
April 28
- William Capel, English sportsman and clergyman (d. 1854)
- Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835)
April 29 – Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842)
April 30
- Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d. 1851)
- Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865)
- George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833)
May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855)
May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d. 1857)
May 5
- Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss vitreous enamel miniaturist and pietist philanthropic educator (d. 1834)
- Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, German entomologist (d. 1856)
- Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d. 1826)
- Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d. 1837)
May 6
- Hans Henrich Maschmann, Norwegian pharmacist (d. 1860)
- Mary Martha Sherwood, English children's author (d. 1851)
May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d. 1856)
May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
May 10
- Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809)
- William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828)
May 12 – George Whitmore, British Army general (d. 1862)
May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d. 1857)
May 17
- Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847)
- Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858)
May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d. 1854)
May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d. 1840)
May 24
- Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1858)
- Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British Army general (d. 1850)
May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860)
May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830)
May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d. 1861)
May 31
- Charles Digby, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d. 1841)
- Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1855)
June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847)
June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875)
June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853)
June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d. 1842)
June 12
- Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d. 1840)
- Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d. 1859)
- Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1851)
June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809)
June 15
- Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d. 1827)
- Paul Delano, American-born sea captain (d. 1842)
- Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d. 1821)
June 16 – Judah Touro, American businessman (d. 1854)
June 17 – Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859)
June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865)
June 19
- Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d. 1864)
- Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d. 1854)
June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833)
June 22
- Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician (d. 1816)
- Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d. 1841)
June 24 – John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838)
June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d. 1845)
June 26
- Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1815)
- John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860)
June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d. 1825)
June 30 – William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)

July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d. 1856)
July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837)
July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807)
July 5 – William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847)
July 8
- William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829)
- Lucy Mack Smith, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d. 1856)
July 9 – Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818)
July 11 – Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d. 1841)
July 14
- Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847)
- Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d. 1834)
July 15
- George Schonswar, British politician (d. 1859)
- Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d. 1856)
July 17
- Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d. 1854)
- August Harder, German musician (d. 1813)
July 18
- Pierre Decouz, French military officer (d. of wounds 1814)
- Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d. 1840)
July 19
- Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona (d. 1832)
- John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader, sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1852)
July 21
- Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810)
- George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, English peer and politician (d. 1838)
July 23
- Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d. 1829)
- Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d. 1812)
July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857)
July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d. 1864)
July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d. 1861)
July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d. 1842)
July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d. 1851)
August 2
- William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835)
- José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814)
August 6
- Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, last Dauphin of France (d. 1844)
- Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847)
- Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1847)
August 7
- Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812)
- Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847)
- Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d. 1854)
August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d. 1855)
August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826)
August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d. 1853)
August 15
- Carlos de España, Spanish general (d. 1839)
- Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d. 1852)
August 16
- John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d. 1846)
- Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d. 1834)
August 18
- James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
- Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d. 1848)
August 20
- Franz Dinnendahl, German mechanical engineer (d. 1826)
- George Tucker, American politician (d. 1861)
August 22
- François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810)
- August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
August 23 – Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d. 1861)
August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839)
August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d. 1851)
August 27
- Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d. 1847)
- Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838)
August 28
- Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d. 1846)
- Sophie Gail, French singer and composer (d. 1819)
August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d. 1852)
August 31
- Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d. 1836)
- François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d. 1849)
September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860)
September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838)
September 5
- Juan Martín Díez, El Empecinado, Spanish military leader (d. 1825)
- Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d. 1815)
September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d. 1845)
September 7 – John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833)
September 8
- John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811)
- Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d. 1843)
September 9
- Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d. 1843)
- Francisco Ramón Vicuña, President of Chile (d. 1849)
September 10
- John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d. 1851)
- Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1831)
September 11
- Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847)
- Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d. 1834)
September 12 – Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d. 1848)
September 13 – Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868)
September 14
- Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d. 1844)
- John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830)
- Joseph Phillimore, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d. 1855)
September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d. 1846)
September 16
- Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d. 1846)
- Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d. 1825)
- Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d. 1853)
September 17
- Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866)
- Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d. 1852)
September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815)
September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d. 1819)
September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852)
September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852)
September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832)
September 25 – Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
September 29
- David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d. 1852)
- François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d. 1842)
- Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d. 1839)
September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843)

October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d. 1857)
October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815)
October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d. 1842)
October 7
- Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d. 1813)
- Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d. 1846)
October 9
- Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822)
- Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830)
- Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d. 1848)
- Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d. 1850)
October 12
- Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d. 1863)
- Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852)
October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d. 1832)
October 15
- Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer 1838)
- Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d. 1848)
- Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d. 1844)
October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866)
October 18
- Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824)
- Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858)
- John Vanderlyn, American artist (d. 1852)
October 19
- Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860)
- Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829)
October 21
- Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d. 1844)
- Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1855)
October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d. 1842)
October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d. 1862)
October 26
- Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d. 1848)
- Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830)
- Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824)
- Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d. 1845)
October 30
- Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d. 1840)
- Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1849)
November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837)
November 2
- Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828)
- Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d. 1846)
November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army general (d. 1849)
November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d. 1851)
November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d. 1850)
November 7 – Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816)
November 8
- Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838)
- Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d. 1854)
November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821)
November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848)
November 13
- John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d. 1850)
- Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d. 1819)
- Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1852)
November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833)
November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859)
November 19
- Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d. 1813)
- François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1862)
November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d. 1823)
November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d. 1845)
November 23
- Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d. 1845)
- Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847)
- Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780)
November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833)
November 25
- Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858)
- Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835)
- Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
- Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844)
- Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d. 1854)
November 27
- Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820)
- Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
November 28
- William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d. 1836)
- Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838)
November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836)
November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835)
December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830)
December 5 – Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860)
December 6
- Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
- Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818)
December 10
- José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811)
- Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d. 1856)
- Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d. 1827)
December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830)
December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d. 1843)
December 14
- Philander Chase, American Episcopal Church bishop, educator and pioneer (d. 1852)
- Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1860)
December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d. 1850)
December 16
- Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d. 1817)
- Jane Austen, English novelist (d. 1817)^[118]
- François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d. 1834)
- John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish judge (d. 1853)
December 17 – Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d. 1849)
December 20
- Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824)
- Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d. 1832)
December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846)
December 25
- John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d. 1852)
- Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d. 1854)
- Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d. 1841)
December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813)
December 28
- João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d. 1842)
- Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d. 1863)
- Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860)
Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

1776

January 1 – James M. Broom, American politician (d. 1850)
January 2 – Jeremiah Chaplin, American Reformed Baptist theologian (d. 1841)
January 3 – Thomas Morris, American politician (d. 1844)
January 4
- Bernardino Drovetti, Italian diplomat (d. 1852)
- Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois, French Egyptologist (d. 1842)
January 6
- Ferdinand von Schill, German noble (d. 1809)
- Auguste Jean Ameil, French soldier (d. 1822)
January 8 – Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Irish politician (d. 1869)
January 9 – Ludwig Rhesa, Prussian scholar (d. 1840)
January 10 – George Birkbeck, English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d. 1841)
January 15 – Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Roman-born British prince (d. 1834)
January 16
- Matthew Brown, American college president (d. 1853)
- João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa, Portuguese politician (d. 1875)
- Richard Onslow, English archdeacon (d. 1849)
January 17 (bapt.) – Jane Porter, English novelist (d. 1850)
January 21
- Poul Christian Holst, Norwegian politician (d. 1863)
- Elisha Haley, American politician (d. 1860)
January 23 – Howard Douglas, British Army general (d. 1861)
January 24
- Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, French aristocrat (d. 1857)
  E. T. A. Hoffmann
- E. T. A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer and painter (d. 1822)
- Peter A. Jay, American politician (d. 1843)
January 25 – Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist (d. 1848)
January 29 – William Bowie, American agrarian (d. 1826)
February 4
- Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, German biologist (d. 1837)
- Jan Gerard Kemmerling, Dutch mayor (d. 1818)
  Ioannis Kapodistrias
February 11 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (d. 1831)
February 12
- Richard Mant, Irish bishop (d. 1848)
- Mary Young Pickersgill, American maker of the Star Spangled Banner flag (d. 1857)
February 14 – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, prolific German botanist (d. 1858)
February 15 – Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (d. 1850)
February 16 – Abraham Raimbach, British engraver (d. 1843)
February 17
- Ross Cuthbert, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
- Georg zu Münster, German paleontologist (d. 1844)
February 18 – Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke, German general (d. 1830)
February 20 – Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca, Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d. 1846)
February 21 – Joseph Barss, Canadian privateer, sea captain (d. 1824)
February 23
- John Walter, English newspaper editor (d. 1847)
- Heneage Horsley, Scottish priest (d. 1847)
February 25 – George William Tighe, English expatriate (d. 1837)
February 26
- Innis Green, American congressman for Pennsylvania (d. 1839)
- John Paterson, Scottish missionary to Northern Europe (d. 1855)
February 28 – François Quirouet, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
March 1
- John Collins, American manufacturer, politician (d. 1822)
- Elias Moore (d. 1847)
March 3 – James Parker, American politician (d. 1868)
March 4 – Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest, Russian army commander (d. 1814)
March 5 – Gerard Troost, American mineralogist (d. 1850)
March 6 – Luigi Lambruschini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1854)
March 7 – Timothy Ruggles, Canadian politician (d. 1831)
March 8
- David Rogerson Williams, American politician (d. 1830)
- Samuel Tweedy, American politician (d. 1868)
March 9
- Thomas Evans, British Army general (d. 1863)
- Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary, Archduke of Austria (d. 1847)
  Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
March 10
- Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (d. 1810)
- Étienne Ranvoyzé, Canadian politician (d. 1826)
March 12 – Lady Hester Stanhope, English archaeologist (d. 1839)
March 15 – Aimé Picquet du Boisguy, French chouan general during the French Revolution (d. 1839)
March 17 – Joel Abbot, American politician (d. 1826)
March 19 – Philemon Beecher, American politician (d. 1839)
March 20
- Joshua Bates, American educator (d. 1854)
- Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English politician (d. 1839)
March 21 – John Frederick Frelinghuysen, United States general (d. 1833)
March 23
- Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto, English politician (d. 1848)
- Vicente Salias, Venezuelan doctor (d. 1814)
March 24 – Zusho Hirosato, Japanese samurai (d. 1849)
March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist, politician (d. 1854)
March 30 – Vasily Tropinin, Russian artist (d. 1857)
March 31 – Joseph Küffner, German musician, composer (d. 1856)
April 1
- Pierre François Bellot, Swiss jurist (d. 1836)
- Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
April 3
- François Blanchet, Canadian physician, politician (d. 1830)
- Mary Anne Clarke, English mistress of Prince Frederick (d. 1852)
April 6 – Jesse Bledsoe, American politician (d. 1836)
April 11
- Macvey Napier, Scottish legal scholar, one of the editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica (d. 1847)
- Jerome Inglott, Maltese philosopher (d. 1835)
April 12
- Henry Hezekiah Cogswell, Canadian politician (d. 1854)
- Henry Hobhouse, English archivist (d. 1854)
April 13 – Wilhelm von Schütz, German author, playwright (d. 1847)
April 15 – John Anstruther-Thomson, Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d. 1833)
April 17 – Jean-François Roger, French poet, politician (d. 1842)
April 20
- Augustin-Marie d'Aboville, French artillerist during the Revolution (d. 1843)
- William Weston Young, English Quaker businessman (d. 1847)
April 25
- James Miller, American politician (d. 1851)
- Edward Solly, English merchant, art collector (d. 1844)
- Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, member of the British Royal Family (d. 1857)
April 27
- Hyacinthe Jadin, French composer (d. 1800)
- John Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 1847)
April 28
- Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville, English politician (d. 1859)
- Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1833)
May 4 – Johann Friedrich Herbart, German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1841)
May 5 – Valentine Efner, American politician (d. 1865)
May 6
- Stephen Rumbold Lushington, English politician, administrator in Madras (d. 1868)
- Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, Russian field marshal (d. 1852)
- Rensselaer Westerlo, American politician (d. 1851)
May 8
- Edward Leveson-Gower, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1853)
- Prince Bagrat of Georgia (d. 1841)
May 9 – Thomas Maguire, Canadian Catholic priest (d. 1854)
May 10 – George Thomas Smart, English musician (d. 1867)
May 12 – José de La Mar, military leader, President of Peru (d. 1830)^[119]
May 13 – Jett Thomas, American militia general (d. 1817)
May 17 – Amos Eaton, American botanist (d. 1842)
May 18 – Dennis Pennington, American politician (d. 1854)
May 20
- Simon Fraser, Canadian explorer (d. 1862)
- Víctor Rosales, Mexican rebel (d. 1817)
May 29 – Peter Erasmus Müller, Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d. 1834)
May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza, American mayor (d. 1851)
June 1
- George Schetky, American conductor (d. 1831)
- Giuseppe Zamboni, Italian Catholic priest, physicist (d. 1846)
June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten, American politician (d. 1850)
June 6 – William Reed, American politician (d. 1837)
June 8 – Thomas Rickman, English architect, architectural antiquary (d. 1841)
John Constable
June 11 – John Constable, English landscape painter (d. 1837)
June 12
- Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (d. 1847)
- José Manuel de Goyeneche, 1st Count of Guaqui, Spanish soldier, diplomat (d. 1846)
- Pierre Révoil, French painter (d. 1842)
June 19 – Francis Johnson, American politician (d. 1842)
June 21
- Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, Princess of Liechtenstein (d. 1848)
- Charles Horsfall, English merchant, politician (d. 1846)
- William Wadd, English surgeon, medical author (d. 1829)
June 23 – Stephen Longfellow, American politician (d. 1849)
June 28 – Charles Mathews, English actor (d. 1835)
June 29 – George Okill Stuart, Canadian clergyman (d. 1862)
July 1
- Samuel Thatcher, American politician (d. 1872)
- Sophie Gay, French author (d. 1852)
July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1842)
July 4
- Pär Aron Borg, Swedish sign language creator (d. 1839)
- Ethan Allen Brown, American politician (d. 1852)
July 5
- Daniel Dobbins, captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service (d. 1856)
- Bernard Smith, American politician (d. 1835)
July 10 – Samuel Powell, American politician (d. 1841)
July 11 – William Bradbery, English entrepreneur (d. 1860)
July 12 – John Christian, Manx judge (d. 1852)
July 13 – Caroline of Baden, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1841)
July 14 – Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil, French soldier (d. 1832)
July 16
- Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician, naturalist (d. 1827)
- Johann Georg von Soldner, German physicist (d. 1833)
July 17 – John Neilson, Canadian politician (d. 1848)
July 18 – John Struthers, Scottish poet (d. 1853)
July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Austrian musician (d. 1830)
July 22
- Etheldred Benett, English geologist (d. 1845)
- Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1838)
July 26 – Pierre Fouquier, French physician, professor of medicine (d. 1850)
July 29 – James McSherry, American politician (d. 1849)
July 30 – Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet, British general (d. 1853)
August 1
- Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, Governor General of British North America (1835-1837) (d. 1849)
- Jean Corbineau, French cavalry general (d. 1848)
August 2
- Thomas Assheton Smith II, English cricketer (d. 1858)
- Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist (d. 1835)
August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche, French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d. 1847)
August 5
- Sophie d'Artois, French princess (d. 1783)
- John Willson, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
August 6 – William Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1836)
August 9
- Jacob Munch, Norwegian painter, military officer (d. 1839)
  Amedeo Avogadro
- Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d. 1856)
August 12
- Thomas Millidge, Jr., New Brunswick businessman, political figure (d. 1838)
- David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, British politician (d. 1855)
August 13 – Abraham Shepherd, American politician (d. 1847)
August 14
- Prince Christian of Hesse (d. 1814)
- Christian Friedrich Tieck, German sculptor (d. 1851)
August 15
- Ignaz von Seyfried, Austrian musician (d. 1841)
- Gottlieb Schick, German artist (d. 1812)
August 16
- Amalia von Helvig, German and Swedish artist (d. 1831)
- Philipp Jakob Riotte, German composer (d. 1856)
- Monaldo Leopardi, Italian philosopher (d. 1847)
- Jean-Roch Coignet, French soldier (d. 1865)
August 18
- Agustín Argüelles, Spanish liberal politician (d. 1844)
- Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, England (d. 1851)
- Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1848)
August 21
- Joseph Healy, American politician (d. 1861)
- Elizabeth Parke Custis Law, American matriarch (d. 1832)
August 22 – Carlo Amati, Italian architect (d. 1852)
August 23
- Jens Peter Debes, Norwegian politician (d. 1832)
- Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (d. 1853)
August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel, British admiral (d. 1853)
August 26
- Ferdynand Stokowski, Polish general (d. 1827)
- Henry A. Livingston, American politician (d. 1849)
August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Danish-German statesman, historian (d. 1831)
August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke, German librettist (d. 1842)
September 1
- Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie, French general, politician (d. 1856)
- Ezekiel Bacon, American politician (d. 1870)
September 3 – Étienne Mayrand, Canadian politician (d. 1872)
September 4 – Stephen Whitney, American merchant (d. 1860)
September 5 – Augustus Simon Frazer, French-born British Army officer (d. 1835)
September 8
- Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg, German noblewoman (d. 1841)
- Heinrich Meldahl, Norwegian builder (d. 1840)
September 9
- Parmenio Adams, American politician (d. 1832)
- Calvin Pease, Ohio jurist, legislator (d. 1839)
- Philip Broke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1841)
September 11 – Thomas Arbuthnot, British Army general (d. 1849)
September 15
- William Baylies, American politician (d. 1865)
- Calvin Willey, American politician (d. 1858)
September 17 – Langdon Cheves, American politician (d. 1857)
September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, English politician (d. 1825)
September 21
- Karl Gustav Bonuvier, Swedish actor, theatre director (d. 1858)
- John Fitchett, English poet (d. 1838)
September 27
- Peter Shaver, Canadian politician (d. 1866)
- Maria Versfelt, Dutch writer, actor (d. 1845)
October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin, Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d. 1866)
October 3 – Thomas Walsh, Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d. 1849)
October 4
- Giovanni Battista Bellé, Italian Bishop of Mantova (d. 1844)
- Antonio Tosti, Italian cardinal-priest (d. 1866)
- Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist (d. 1839)
October 6
- Hirata Atsutane, Japanese theologian of the Shintō religion (d. 1843)
- James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, Scottish-born Spanish general (d. 1857)
- James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, English politician (d. 1845)
October 8 – Pieter van Os, Dutch painter, engraver (d. 1839)
October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé, French Navy officer, captain (d. 1833)
October 13
- Peter Barlow, English mathematician (d. 1862)
- John Gibb, Scottish civil engineering contractor (d. 1850)
October 14
- Samuel Rexford, New York politician (d. 1857)
- Robert Townsend Farquhar, British colonial administrator (d. 1830)
October 18 – Cowles Mead, American politician (d. 1844)
October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre, British judge (d. 1837)
October 21 – George Izard, United States general (d. 1828)
October 22 – Edward Draper, British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d. 1841)
October 25 – Patrick Neill, Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d. 1851)
October 28 – Joachim Haspinger, Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d. 1858)
October 30
- George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859)
- John Hahn, American politician (d. 1823)
October 31 – Francis Locke Jr., American politician (d. 1823)
November 1 – Abraham McClellan, American politician (d. 1851)
November 5 – Abraham Teerlink, Dutch painter (d. 1857)
November 7
- Bartow White, American politician (d. 1862)
- James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline, British politician (d. 1858)
November 10
- Samuel Gross, American politician (d. 1839)
- Henry Seymour (Knoyle), British politician (d. 1849)
- General Washington Johnston, American politician (d. 1833)
November 11 – Philip E. Thomas, American banker, railroad executive (d. 1861)
November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (d. 1847)
November 15
- Aaron Manby, English civil engineer, founder of the Horseley Ironworks (d. 1850)
- Pehr Henrik Ling, Swedish physical therapist (d. 1839)
November 17
- Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, German historian (d. 1861)
- Robert Trimble, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1828)
November 20
- William Blackwood, Scottish publisher (d. 1834)
- Maximilian Seyssel d'Aix, German general (d. 1855)
November 24
- Jean-Joseph Marcel, French printer and engineer (d. 1854)
- Matthew John Tierney, Irish surgeon (d. 1845)
November 29 – Harcourt Lees, Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d. 1852)
November 30
- Philippe André de Vilmorin, French horticulturist (d. 1862)
- Bartholomew Frere, English diplomat (d. 1851)
December 1
- Elijah H. Mills, American politician (d. 1829)
- Isaac Lacey, American politician (d. 1844)
December 2 – Louis Alexis Baudoin, French naval officer (d. 1805)
December 3
- Yashwantrao Holkar, Ruler of Holkar State (d. 1811)
- Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician, botanist (d. 1858)
December 5 – Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1851)
December 6 – Theodorick Bland, United States federal judge (d. 1846)
December 7 – Reuben Whallon, American politician (d. 1843)
December 8
- Theodore Dehon, second Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina (d. 1817)
- William Logan, American politician (d. 1822)
December 10
- Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este, second wife of Charles Theodore (d. 1848)
- David Marchand, American politician (d. 1832)
- Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy, German banker, father of classical composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (d. 1835)
December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, English lawyer, politician (d. 1846)
December 13 – James Hawkes, American politician (d. 1865)
December 14 – Ingelbrecht Knudssøn, Norwegian politician (d. 1826)
December 16
- Narciso Durán, Spanish Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d. 1846)
  Johann Wilhelm Ritter
- Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist (d. 1810)
December 19
- Lord Edward Somerset, British Army general (d. 1842)
- Lars Roverud, Norwegian musician (d. 1850)
- Eusebio Bardají y Azara, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1842)
December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada, President of Colombia (d. 1833)
December 25 – John Slater, American businessman (d. 1843)
December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith, British artist (d. 1859)
December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811)
December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt, Swedish politician (d. 1837)
December 30 – William Drayton, American politician (d. 1846)
December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (d. 1832)

1777 * January – William Barton, English cricketer (d. 1825)

January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (d. 1857)
January 7 – Lorenzo Bartolini, Italian sculptor (d. 1850)
January 11 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant, rebel leader (d. 1837)
January 13 – Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820)
January 25 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (d.1848)
February 3 – John Cheyne, British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836)
February 10 – Amable Berthelot, Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d. 1847)
February 12
- Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, French poet (d. 1843)
- Bernard Courtois, French chemist (d. 1838)
February 18 – Andreas Arntzen, Norwegian politician (d. 1837)
February 20 – Zacheus Burnham, Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d. 1857)
February 26 – Matija Nenadović, Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 1854)
March 3 – Adolphe Dureau de la Malle, French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d. 1857)
March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1840)
March 13 – Charles Lot Church, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1864)

March 17
- Patrick Brontë, Irish Anglican curate and writer; father of writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë (d. 1861)
- Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
March 19 – José María Bustamante, Mexican composer (d. 1861)
March 28 – Antoine Germain Labarraque, French chemist (d. 1850)

April 11 – William Addams, United States Congressman (d. 1858)
April 12 – Henry Clay, American politician (d. 1852)
April 16 – John Alexander (Ohio politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1848)

April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d. 1855)
May 4 – Richard Bourke, Australian governor (d. 1855)
May 8 – Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar, Finnish-Karelian folksinger (d. 1846)
May 11 – Samuel Bridger, English cricketer
May 12 – Mary Reibey, Australian businessperson (d. 1855)
May 18 – John George Children, British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1852)
June 1 – Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, president of Chile (d. 1841)
June 12 – Robert Clark, American politician (d. 1837)
June 14 – Heman Allen (of Milton), U.S. Representative (d. 1844)
June 15 – David Daniel Davis, British physician (d. 1841)
June 22
- Andrzej Alojzy Ankwicz, Polish-born Catholic archbishop of Prague (d. 1838)
- William Brown (admiral), Irish-born first admiral of Argentina (d. 1857)
June 23 – Frederick Bates, American politician (d. 1825)

July – Thomas Clayton, American lawyer, politician (d. 1854)
July 9
- Henry Hallam, English historian (d. 1859)
- Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer and lay preacher (d. 1852)^[120]
July 23 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
July 26 – Robert Hamilton Bishop, Scottish-American educator, minister (d. 1855)
July 27
- Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, German physicist (d. 1834)
- Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
- Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer, soldier (d. 1853)
July 31 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman, priest (d. 1849)
August 11 – Giuseppe Bossi, Italian painter (d. 1815)
August 12 – George Wolf, American politician (d. 1840)

August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (d. 1851)
August 23 – Princess Adélaïde of Orléans, French princess (d. 1847)
August 29 – Nikita Bichurin (Hyacinth), Russian monk (d. 1853)
August 31 – Alexander Bashilov, Russian general (d. 1847)
September 9 – James Carr (Massachusetts politician), U.S. Congressman (d. 1818)
September 12 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist, anatomist (d. 1850)
September 25 – Joseph Badeaux, Canadian politician (d. 1835)

October 1 – Zaro Aga, Turkish-Kurdish possible supercentenarian (claimed to have been born this year or 1774; d. 1934)
October 5 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon (d. 1835)
October 16
- Levi Barber, American surveyor, court administrator, banker and legislator (d. 1833)
- Lorenzo Dow, American Methodist preacher (d. 1834)
October 18
- Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1809)

- Heinrich von Kleist, German poet, dramatist, novelist and short story writer (d. 1811)
November 7 – Richard Bassett (clergyman), Welsh cleric (d. 1852)
November 13 – Kunwar Singh, Leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (d. 1858)
November 14 – Nathaniel Claiborne, American politician (d. 1859)
November 24 – Samuel Butts, American militia officer (d. 1814)
December 1 – Thomas Bradford, British Army officer (d. 1853)
December 4 – Juliette Récamier, French writer (d. 1849)
December 10 – William Conner, American trader, politician (d. 1855)
December 14 – Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d. 1839)
December 15 – Agostino Aglio, Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d. 1857)
December 16 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, French champagne producer (d. 1866)
December 21 – John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll, Scottish peer, Whig politician (d. 1847)

December 23 – Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Russian officer (d. 1825)
December 24 – Barbara Spooner Wilberforce, wife of English abolitionist William Wilberforce (d. 1847)

Suleiman al-Halabi, Syrian student, assassin (d. 1800)
Carlos Anaya, Uruguayan politician (d. 1862)
Charles James Apperley, English sportsman, sporting writer (d. 1843)
Carlo Armellini, Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863)
Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi, Ottoman mystic (d. 1826)
Connell James Baldwin, Irish soldier, civil servant (d. 1861)
Karl Friedrich Becker, German educator, historian (d. 1806)
Vicente Benavides, Chilean soldier (d. 1822)
John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857)
William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator (d. 1852)
Sophia Campbell, Australian artist (d. 1833)
Abiel Chandler, U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851)
John Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1808)
Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac, French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847)
Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (d. 1804)
Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean political figure (d. 1833)
Thomas Day, American judge (d. 1855)
Benjamin D'Urban, British general, colonial administrator (d. 1849)
Tu'i Malila, Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d. 1965)

1778 * January 1

- Tredwell Scudder, American politician (d. 1834)
- Charles Alexandre Lesueur, French naturalist (d. 1846)
January 3 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish Catholic bishop (d. 1861)
January 4
- Billy J. Clark, American politician (d. 1866)
- Paolo Polidori, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
- Jean-Antoine Alavoine, French architect (d. 1834)
January 5 – Charles-Guillaume Étienne, French writer (d. 1845)

January 6 – Thomas Lincoln, Farmer, Carpenter (d. 1851)
January 7 – Anthony Todd Thomson, British dermatologist (d. 1849)
January 9 – Thomas Brown, Scottish metaphysician (d. 1820)
January 10 – Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentine politician (d. 1851)
January 11 – Agathon Jean François Fain, French historian (d. 1837)
January 12 – William Herbert, British politician (d. 1847)
January 13 – Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
January 15 – Joseph Adamy, Nassauian politician (d. 1849)
January 16
- Teodoro Lechi, Italian general (d. 1866)
- John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish peer and soldier (d. 1860)
January 17
- Donald Macdonell, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
- George Black, Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. 1854)
January 18 – George Bellas Greenough, British geologist (d. 1855)
January 20 – Louis Antoine François Baillon, French naturalist, collector (d. 1855)
January 21 – Jeremiah O'Brien, American politician (d. 1858)
January 23 – Alire Raffeneau Delile, French botanist (d. 1850)
January 24 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, England (d. 1820)
January 25 – Matsudaira Norihiro, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. 1839)
January 26
- Jakob von Washington, Bavarian general (d. 1848)
- Johann Georg Stauffer, Austrian luthier (d. 1853)
January 27
- Christian Mathias Schröder, German politician (d. 1860)
- Andrew Sterett, United States Navy officer (d. 1807)
January 28 – James Tallmadge, Jr., American politician (d. 1853)
January 29 – John Williams, Tennessee politician (d. 1837)
January 31 – Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Austrian statesman (d. 1861)
February 1 – Joseph Richardson, American politician (d. 1871)
February 2 – Mary Anne Talbot, British wartime cross-dresser (d. 1808)
February 3
- Cornelis Vollenhoven, Dutch politician (d. 1849)
- John Ritchie, British newspaper founder (d. 1870)
February 4 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist (d. 1841)
February 5 – Jan Nepomucen Umiński, Polish general (d. 1851)
February 6 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. 1827)^[121]
February 13 – William P. Van Ness, United States federal judge (d. 1826)
February 14 – Fernando Sor, Spanish musician (d. 1839)
February 16
- John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton of Great Britain (d. 1863)
- Rosalie Stier Calvert, 19th century Maryland plantation owner, correspondent (d. 1821)
February 19
- Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn, Russian military commander (d. 1845)
- Henry Ashley, American politician (d. 1829)
- Daniel Williams Harmon, American-born Canadian fur trader, diarist (d. 1843)
February 22
- Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet of Great Britain (d. 1854)
- Rembrandt Peale, American painter (d. 1860)^[122]

February 25 – José de San Martín, Argentine general (d. 1850)
March 1
- Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, French botanist (d. 1832)
- Amos Lane, American politician (d. 1849)
March 2
- William Austin, American politician (d. 1841)
- Vincent Moulac, French naval officer (d. 1836)
March 3
- Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1841)
- Peter Laurie, British politician (d. 1861)
March 4
- Sir Henry Bunbury, 7th Baronet, British Army general (d. 1860)
- Robert Emmet, Irish rebel (d. 1803)
- Florestano Pepe, Italian general (d. 1851)
March 6
- Francis Ogilvy-Grant, 6th Earl of Seafield, British politician (d. 1853)
- Carl Bernhard von Trinius, German botanist (d. 1844)
March 8 – Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, French soldier, diplomat (d. 1853)
March 10
- Hugh Hornby Birley, leading Manchester Tory, reputed to have led the fatal charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry, at the Peterloo Massacre (d. 1845)
- Anthony Van Egmond, Canadian rebel (d. 1838)
March 19 – Edward Pakenham, Irish-born British general (d. 1815)
March 22
- Thomas de Trafford, British Baronet (d. 1852)
- Aleksey Merzlyakov, Russian poet, critic, and professor (d. 1830)
March 23 – Paul Traugott Meissner, Austrian chemist (d. 1864)
March 24
- Robert Fleming Gourlay, British statistician and activist (d. 1863)
- Anton Edler von Gapp, Austrian lawyer (d. 1862)
March 25 – Sophie Blanchard, French aeronaut (d. 1819)
March 26 – Edward Blakeney, British Army officer (d. 1868)
March 28 – Ludvig Stoud Platou, Norwegian politician (d. 1833)
March 30 – Robert Moore, American politician (d. 1831)
March 31 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (d. 1858)
April 1 – Benjamin Jacob, British musician (d. 1829)
April 3 – Pierre Bretonneau, French physician (d. 1862)
April 7 – John J. Ely, Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. 1852)
April 9
- John Sparks, English cricketer (d. 1854)
- Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, French diplomat (d. 1854)

April 10
- Heinrich Luden, German historian (d. 1847)
- William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)^[123]
- Johann Arzberger, Austrian technologist (d. 1835)
April 12 – John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)
April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. 1858)
April 15
- William Congreve Russell, British politician (d. 1850)
- James Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1860)
April 18
- Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin, Scottish countess (d. 1855)
- Christian Friedrich Nasse, German physician, psychiatrist (d. 1851)
- Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet, British politician (d. 1836)
April 19 – Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle, main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries, wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857)
April 23 – John Harvey, British Army general (d. 1852)
April 24 – John Graham, soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821)
April 27 – Henry Drury, English educator (d. 1841)
April 28 – Adriaan van der Hoop, Dutch banker, politician (d. 1854)
April 29 – Thomas Bateman, British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. 1821)
April 30 – Arvid David Hummel, Swedish entomologist (d. 1836)

May 2 – Nathan Bangs, American Methodist theologian (d. 1862)
May 3 – Samuel Freeze, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
May 6 – Henry Phillpotts, English bishop (d. 1869)
May 8 – Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851)
May 9 – Eli Ayers, Liberian politician (d. 1822)
May 10 – William Ladd, American activist (d. 1841)
May 12 – August Zeune, German educator (d. 1853)
May 13 – Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841)
May 17 – Benjamin Bowring, English watchmaker (d. 1846)
May 18
- Andrew Ure, Scottish doctor and chemist (d. 1857)
- Samuel Hoar, American politician (d. 1856)
- Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (d. 1854)
May 19
- Ruggero Settimo, Italian politician (d. 1863)
- Ludwik Michał Pac, Polish general (d. 1835)
May 25 – Claus Harms, German clergyman, theologian (d. 1855)
May 29 – Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, British politician (d. 1860)
May 30 – Richard Skinner, American politician (d. 1833)
May 31 – Horatio Seymour, American politician (d. 1857)
June 2 – Jean Julien Angot des Rotours, French colonial governor (d. 1844)
June 4 – Martin Parmer, American politician (d. 1850)
June 6 – Edmund Varney, American politician (d. 1847)
June 7 – David Willson, Canadian Quaker minister (d. 1866)
June 11 – John Robison, British inventor (d. 1843)
June 13 – Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819)
June 14 – John Cushing Aylwin, United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. 1813)

June 16
- Charles F. Mercer, American politician (d. 1858)
- Harry Croswell, crusading American political journalist (d. 1858)
June 17
- Philip Willem van Heusde, Dutch philosopher (d. 1839)
- Gregory Blaxland, English pioneer farmer, explorer in Australia (d. 1852)
June 19 – Robert Allen, Tennessee politician (d. 1844)
June 20 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d. 1832)
June 22 – George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland, British politician (d. 1867)
June 23 – Richard W. Meade, American merchant and art collector (d. 1828)
June 26 – Mariya Svistunova, lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. 1866)
June 27 – Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1842)
June 28
- John Macbride, British historian (d. 1868)
- William Dietz, American politician (d. 1848)
July 2 – Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta (d. 1858)
July 3 – Carl Ludvig Engel, German architect (d. 1840)
July 6 – Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, French scientist (d. 1846)
July 7 – Beau Brummell, English man of fashion (d. 1840)^[124]
July 10
- William Brockenbrough, American politician (d. 1838)
- Laurent Cunin-Gridaine, French businessman, politician (d. 1859)
July 11 – Timothy Fuller, American politician (d. 1835)
July 12 – Maria Dalle Donne, Bolognese physician (d. 1842)
July 13 – Samuel Stevens, Jr., American politician (d. 1860)
July 15
- Thomas James Maling, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1849)
- Jasper Nicolls, British general (d. 1849)
July 17 – Benjamin Isaacs, Connecticut politician (d. 1846)
July 19
- Thomas Foley, British politician (d. 1822)
- Samuel Bent, American Mormon leader (d. 1846)
July 20 – Joshua Tetley, British brewer (d. 1859)
July 28 – Charles Stewart, American naval commander (d. 1869)
July 30
- David Pattee, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
- Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1847)
August 2 – Georg Anton Rollett, Austrian naturalist (d. 1842)
August 5 – Otto Christian Blandow, German bryologist (d. 1810)
August 8 – John Bonfoy Rooper, British landowner, MP (d. 1855)

August 11
- Marcus Pløen, Norwegian businessperson (d. 1836)
- Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers, British naval officer and politician (d. 1860)
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German-Prussian gymnastics educator, nationalist (d. 1852)
August 12
- Francis Horner, British politician (d. 1817)
- Joshua Vanneck, 2nd Baron Huntingfield, British politician (d. 1844)
August 19
- Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German princess (d. 1835)
- James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, British politician (d. 1841)

August 20 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director of Chile (d. 1842)^[125]
August 21 – Lewis Weston Dillwyn, British politician (d. 1855)
August 25 – Joseph Batten, British college principal (d. 1837)
August 31 – William Wilkins, English architect (d. 1839)

September 2 – Louis Bonaparte, sibling of Napoleon Bonaparte I, French army general, King of Holland (d. 1846)^[126]
September 7 – José Bernardo Sánchez, Spanish missionary (d. 1833)
September 8 – George Heneage Lawrence Dundas, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)

September 9 – Clemens Brentano, German poet, novelist (d. 1842)^[127]
September 10 – Joshua Lawrence, American Baptist minister (d. 1843)
September 12 – William Davidson, American politician (d. 1857)
September 14
- John Varnum, American politician (d. 1836)
- John Barss, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
September 15 – Augustin Caron, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
September 19
- Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, British politician (d. 1868)
- William Gaston, American politician (d. 1844)
September 20
- James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis of Great Britain (d. 1852)
- Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian admiral (d. 1852)
September 21 – Carl Ludwig Koch, German entomologist (d. 1857)
September 24 – Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850)
September 25
- Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet, 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. 1829)
- Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1802)
September 26 – Jonathan Fisk, American politician (d. 1832)
September 27
- Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, German composer, music teacher (d. 1851)
- Damião Barbosa de Araújo, Brazilian composer (d. 1856)
September 28
- Luther Lawrence, American politician (d. 1839)
- Suzanne Douvillier, French-born American ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. 1826)
- Catherine McAuley, Irish nun, saint (d. 1841)
September 29
- Benjamin Hall, British politician (d. 1817)
- Thomas Warsop, English cricketer (d. 1845)
October 5
- Ernst Ludwig von Aster, Prussian and Russian Army general (d. 1855)
- Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, French archaeologist (d. 1867)
October 7
- Charles Paget, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1839)
- Joseph Knight, English horticulturist (d. 1855)
- Thomas Cranley Onslow, British politician (d. 1861)
October 8 – Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, French Catholic bishop (d. 1839)
October 9
- Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet, President of the Bordeaux Court in France (1815) (d. 1854)
- John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall, British politician (d. 1820)
- Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, British Army general (d. 1842)
October 13 – William Marks, American politician (d. 1858)
October 14 – Francis Fane, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844)
October 19 – Valentine Blacker, Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. 1826)
October 22 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849)^[128]
October 23 – Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen regnant (d. 1829)
October 26 – Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, British politician (d. 1866)
October 28 – Ezekiel Blomfield, British minister (d. 1818)
October 29 – William Creighton, Jr., United States federal judge (d. 1851)
October 30 – Benjamin Ames, American politician (d. 1835)
October 31
- Jacob Shibley, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
- Charles Abraham Elton, English author (d. 1853)
- John Black, Australian sailor (d. 1802)
November 1
- James R. Caldwell, United States Navy officer (d. 1804)
- Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, King of Sweden (d. 1837)
November 3 – Karlo Lanza, Dalmatian politician (d. 1834)

November 5
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer (d. 1823)
- Thomas Ritchie, American journalist (d. 1854)
November 8 – Joseph Signay, Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1850)
November 11 – Nils Astrup, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
November 14
- Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner, German theologian (d. 1828)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer, virtuoso pianist (d. 1837)
November 15
- George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, British politician (d. 1840)
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian antiquarian (d. 1823)
November 16 – Johann Joseph von Prechtl, Austrian technologist (d. 1854)
November 18 – Lord William Stuart, British politician (d. 1814)
November 19 – Charles de Salaberry, Canadian politician (d. 1829)
November 21
- Richard Phillips, British chemist (d. 1851)
- Thomas B. Cooke, American politician (d. 1853)
- Joseph Warren Scott, American army officer (d. 1871)
- Kunitomo Ikkansai, Japanese gunsmith (d. 1840)
November 22 – Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. 1852)
November 23
- Mariano Moreno, Argentine politician (d. 1811)
- Samuel Humphreys, noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. 1846)
November 24 – Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. 1845)
November 25
- Joseph Lancaster, English Quaker, public education innovator (d. 1838)
- Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British abolitionist (d. 1856)
November 26
- Jean-Thomas Taschereau, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
- Henry Fane, British Army general (d. 1840)
November 28
- Filippo di Colloredo-Mels, leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 1864)
- Abd al-Rahman of Morocco, Alaouite dynasty member (d. 1859)
November 29 – Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1843)^[129]
November 30 – Andrés Guazurary, Argentine general (d. 1825)

December 6 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist (d. 1850)
December 7 – Franz Naegele, German obstetrician (d. 1851)
December 9 – Vicente González Moreno, Spanish general (d. 1839)
December 10 – Antonio Francesco Orioli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1852)
December 13
- George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend of Great Britain (d. 1855)
- Thomas Kendall, New Zealand missionary (d. 1832)
December 15
- Godert van der Capellen, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1848)
- Christiane Luise Amalie Becker, German actor (d. 1797)
December 16
- John Ordronaux, French privateer (d. 1841)
- Ludwig Robert, German dramatist (d. 1832)
- José Colombres, Argentine Catholic bishop (d. 1859)

December 17
- Humphry Davy, English physicist, chemist (d. 1829)^[130]
- William Munroe, American cabinet maker (d. 1861)
- Juan Martín de Veramendi, Governor of Mexican Texas (d. 1833)

December 18 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor and comedian (d. 1837)^[131]
December 19 – Marie Thérèse of France, eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. 1851)
December 20 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American politician (d. 1817)
December 21 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish politician (d. 1860)
December 22 – James Haldane Stewart, British priest (d. 1854)
December 23 – François de Robiano, Belgian politician (d. 1836)
December 24
- Inoue Masamoto, Japanese daimyō (d. 1858)
- James Guyon, Jr., American politician (d. 1846)
- Thomas Coventry, English cricketer (d. 1816)
December 25 – Caleb Atwater, American politician (d. 1867)
December 27 – Antoine François Eugène Merlin, French general (d. 1854)
December 28
- Franz Xaver Heller, German botanist (d. 1840)
- William Cowper, English-born Anglican cleric in Australia, who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. 1858)
- Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley, British politician (d. 1858)
- Matthew Arbuckle, United States soldier (d. 1851)
December 29
- Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841)
- Johann Simon Hermstedt, German musician (d. 1846)

Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)
Anna Maria Walker, Scottish botanist (d. 1852)
Sara Oust, Norwegian lay minister (d. 1822)
Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (d. 1843)

1779

January 5 – Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (d. 1820)
January 18 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (d. 1869)
February 1 – Nikolaus von Krufft, Austrian composer and civil servant (d. 1818)
March 6 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
March 15 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
March 21 – José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle, Peruvian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Peru (d. 1825)^[132]
May 28 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet (d. 1852)
June 20 – Dorothy Ann Thrupp, British psalmist, hymnwriter, translator (d. 1847)
July 8 – Giorgio Pullicino, Maltese painter and architect (d. 1851)
August 1 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, lyricist (d. 1843)
August 8 – Benjamin Silliman, American chemist, educator and abolitionist (d. 1864)
August 20 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (d. 1848)
August 29 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter (d. 1867)
September 8 – Mustafa IV, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1808)
September 18 – Joseph Story, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1845)
November 14 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet (d. 1850)
December 12 – Madeleine Sophie Barat, French Catholic saint, founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart (d. 1865)
December 24 – George Washington Lafayette
date unknown – Giacomo Beltrami, Italian explorer (d. 1855)