AKT2

AKT2, also known as RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase,^[5] is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT2 gene.^[6] It influences metabolite storage as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway.^[5]

AKT2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GZK, 1GZN, 1GZO, 1MRV, 1MRY, 1O6K, 1O6L, 1P6S, 2JDO, 2JDR, 2UW9, 2X39, 2XH5, 3D0E, 3E87, 3E88, 3E8D
Identifiers
Aliases	AKT2, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, HIHGHH, PKBB, PKBBETA, PRKBB, RAC-BETA, AKT serine/threonine kinase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 164731; MGI: 104874; HomoloGene: 48773; GeneCards: AKT2; OMA:AKT2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.2 Start 40,230,317 bp[1] End 40,285,536 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7 A3|7 15.94 cM Start 27,290,977 bp[2] End 27,340,251 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right uterine tube right hemisphere of cerebellum right lobe of thyroid gland left lobe of thyroid gland left ovary right ovary body of uterus muscle of thigh canal of the cervix gastrocnemius muscle Top expressed in muscle of thigh choroid plexus of fourth ventricle genital tubercle lip granulocyte ascending aorta aortic valve tail of embryo lactiferous gland yolk sac More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding protein kinase activity kinase activity protein serine/threonine kinase activity protein binding ATP binding metal ion binding Cellular component cytoplasm endosome membrane plasma membrane nucleoplasm ruffle membrane cell cortex early endosome nucleus cytosol intracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure Biological process positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane apoptotic process positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation insulin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of protein phosphorylation intracellular signal transduction regulation of cell migration peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process positive regulation of cell motility intracellular protein transmembrane transport activation of GTPase activity phosphorylation positive regulation of glucose metabolic process mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation multicellular organism development protein phosphorylation negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane glycogen biosynthetic process positive regulation of vesicle fusion peptidyl-serine phosphorylation glucose metabolic process cellular response to insulin stimulus glycogen metabolic process protein localization to plasma membrane regulation of translation fat cell differentiation signal transduction carbohydrate transport positive regulation of cell migration positive regulation of glucose import cellular response to high light intensity retinal rod cell apoptotic process positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential negative regulation of apoptotic process carbohydrate metabolic process protein kinase B signaling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 208 11652 Ensembl ENSG00000105221 ENSMUSG00000004056 UniProt P31751 Q60823 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001243027 NM_001243028 NM_001626 NM_001330511 NM_001110208 NM_007434 NM_001331108 NM_001331109 RefSeq (protein) NP_001229956 NP_001229957 NP_001317440 NP_001617 NP_001103678 NP_001318037 NP_001318038 NP_031460 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 40.23 – 40.29 Mb Chr 7: 27.29 – 27.34 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins.^[7]

AKT2 has important roles in controlling glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glucose transport as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway.^[5]

Clinical significance

The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers.^[7]

Mice lacking Akt2 have a normal body mass, but display a profound diabetic phenotype, indicating that Akt2 plays a key role in signal transduction downstream of the insulin receptor. Mice lacking Akt2 show worse outcome in breast cancer initiated by the large T antigen as well as the neu oncogene.^[8]

Interactions

AKT2 has been shown to interact with:

• APPL1,^[9]
• SH3RF1^[10] and
• TCL1A.^[11][12]