List of prime ministers of Spain

The prime minister of Spain is the head of government of Spain. There is no specific date as to when the office of Prime Minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties. Modern historians have not managed to agree who the first prime minister of Spain was, but Francisco Martínez de la Rosa was the first prime minister recognized by a constitutional law (the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834).

• Top left: Francisco Martínez de la Rosa was the first prime minister constitutionally referred to as such.
• Top right: Francisco Franco was the person serving the longest as head of government, under a dictatorship.
• Bottom left: Felipe González was the longest serving democratically-elected prime minister.
• Bottom right: Pedro Sánchez is the current prime minister.

In contemporary Spain, the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain since the approval of the Constitution was Adolfo Suárez. Due to the gradual evolution of the post, the title has been applied to early prime ministers retroactively. The following list therefore includes those who have been referred to as various other titles since the creation of the Council of Ministers in 1823.

Since the reign of Philip V, prime ministers have received several names, such as First Secretary of State (until 1834), President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1874–1923; 1925–1939), President of the Executive Power (1874) or President of the Government (1973–present), among others. Between 1938 and 1973, the post of President of the Government was personally linked to the person serving as Head of State.

Before 1823

Further information: Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)

There is no specific date when the office of prime minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through merger of duties. The government was led by a Valido, a favourite of the Monarch or the ruling Regent. Since 1621, there was also a Secretary of State of the Universal Bureau (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho Universal), but this seems to have been rather a subordinate position.

Later, the reforms introduced by Phillip V in the 1710s established several secretaries of state for specific government areas, and the secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Estado) was eventually known as the First Secretary of State due to its de facto role as primer minister. This position was consolidated with the establishment of the Council of Ministers in 1823 which the First Secretary of State chaired over in the king's absence, and in 1834 the First Secretary of State became known as President of the Council of Ministers.

Secretaries of State and the Universal Bureau

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	Pedro Fernández del Campo y Salvatierra, Marquess of Mejorada	11 July 1705	15 April 1714	King Philip V (1700–1724)
	Manuel de Vadillo y Velasco	15 April 1714	30 November 1714
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (1st time)	30 November 1714	14 January 1724
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta (1st time)	14 January 1724	4 September 1724	King Louis I (1724)
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (2nd time)	4 September 1724	12 December 1725	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Juan Guillermo Ripperdá Duke and Baron of Ripperdá	12 December 1725	14 April 1726
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (3rd time)	14 April 1726	1 October 1726
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta Marquess of la Paz (2nd time)	1 October 1726	21 October 1734

First Secretaries of State

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	José de Patiño y Rosales	21 October 1734	3 November 1736	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llerena 1st Marquess of Villarías	26 November 1736	4 December 1746
	José de Carvajal y Lancaster	4 December 1746	9 April 1754	King Ferdinand VI (1746–1759)
	Fernando de Silva Mendoza y Toledo Duke of Huéscar Acting First Secretary of State	9 April 1754	15 May 1754
	Ricardo Wall y Devreux	15 May 1754	10 August 1759
		10 August 1759	9 October 1763	King Charles III (1759–1788)
	Pablo Jerónimo de Grimaldi y Pallavicini Duke of Grimaldi	9 October 1763	19 February 1777
	José Moñino y Redondo Count of Floridablanca	19 February 1777	14 December 1788
		14 December 1788	28 February 1792	King Charles IV (1788–1808)
	Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Ximénez de Urrea Count of Aranda Acting First Secretary of State	28 February 1792	15 November 1792
	Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Duke of Alcudia	15 November 1792	28 March 1798
	Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis Acting First Secretary of State until 6 September 1798	30 March 1798	21 February 1799
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga Acting First Secretary of State	12 February 1799	13 December 1799
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1st time)	13 December 1799	3 March 1808
	Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera Acting First Secretary of State	3 March 1808	19 March 1808
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (2nd time)	19 March 1808	7 July 1808	King Ferdinand VII (1808)
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga (2nd time)	7 July 1808	27 June 1813	King Joseph I (1808–1813)
	Juan O'Donojú O'Ryan Acting First Secretary of State	10 October 1813	17 October 1813
	Fernando de Laserna Acting First Secretary of State	17 October 1813	3 December 1813
	José Luyando Acting First Secretary of State	3 December 1813	4 May 1814	King Ferdinand VII (1813–1833)
	José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas y Manrique de Lara Duke of San Carlos	4 May 1814	15 November 1814
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (3rd time)	15 November 1814	24 January 1816
	Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres	24 January 1816	26 January 1816
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (4th time)	26 January 1816	30 October 1816
	José García de León y Pizarro	30 October 1816	14 September 1818
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón Marquess of Casa Irujo Acting First Secretary of State	14 September 1818	12 June 1819
	Manuel González Salmón y Gómez de Torres Acting First Secretary of State	12 June 1819	12 September 1819
	Joaquín José Melgarejo y Saurín Duke of San Fernando de Quiroga	12 September 1819	18 March 1820
	Juan Jabat Aztal Acting First Secretary of State	18 March 1820
	Evaristo Pérez de Castro y Brito	18 March 1820	2 March 1821
	Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca Acting First Secretary of State	2 March 1821	23 April 1821
	Francisco de Paula Escudero Acting First Secretary of State	23 April 1821
	Eusebio Bardají y Azara	23 April 1821	8 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	8 January 1822	24 January 1822
	José Gabriel de Silva y Bazán Marquess of Santa Cruz	24 January 1822	30 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	30 January 1822	28 February 1822
	Francisco Martínez de la Rosa	28 February 1822	5 August 1822
	Evaristo Fernández San Miguel y Valledor Acting First Secretary of State from 28 February 1822	5 August 1822	25 April 1823
	José Manuel Vadillo Acting First Secretary of State	25 April 1823	7 May 1823
	Santiago Usoz y Mozi Acting First Secretary of State	7 May 1823	13 May 1823
	José María Pando de la Riva y Ramírez de Laredo	13 May 1823	29 August 1823
	Luis María de Salazar y Salazar Acting First Secretary of State	29 August 1823	4 September 1823
	Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay Acting First Secretary of State	4 September 1823	6 September 1823
	José Luyando (2nd time)	6 September 1823	1 October 1823
	Víctor Damián Sáez y Sánchez-Mayor Acting First Secretary of State until 7 August 1823 (counter-government until 1 October 1823.)	25 April 1823	19 November 1823

List of officeholders

Office title

• First Secretary of State (1823–1834)
• President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1869–1873; 1874–1923; 1925–1931; 1931–1939)
• President of the Provisional Government and of the Council of Ministers (1868–1869)
• President of the Executive Power (1869; 1873–1874)
• Head of the Government and President of the Military Directory (1923–1925)
• President of the Provisional Government (1931)
• Head of State and President of the Government (1938–1973)
• President of the Government (1973–present)

Kingdom of Spain (1823–1868)

Governments:

•   Absolutist
•   Moderate
•   Progressive
•   Young Spain
•   Liberal Union
•   Mixed coalition

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	Head of State (Tenure)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Víctor Damián Sáez (1776–1839)	19 November 1823[a]	2 December 1823	13 days		Nonpartisan	Sáez	N/A	King Ferdinand VII (1813–1833)	[1]
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo Marquess of Casa Irujo (1763–1824)	2 December 1823	25 December 1823	23 days			Irujo			[2]
	Narciso Heredia Count of Ofalia (1775–1847)	25 December 1823	11 July 1824	199 days			Ofalia I			[3]
	Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1779–1850)	11 July 1824	24 October 1825	1 year and 105 days			Cea Bermúdez I			[3] [4] [5]
	Captain General Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo 13th Duke of the Infantado (1768–1841)	24 October 1825	19 August 1826	299 days			Infantado			[5] [6]
	Manuel González Salmón (1778–1832)	19 August 1826	18 January 1832†	5 years and 152 days			Salmón			[6] [7]
	Antonio de Saavedra 7th Count of la Alcudia (interim) (1777–1842)	20 January 1832	1 October 1832	255 days			Alcudia (interim)			[7] [8]
	Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1779–1850)	1 October 1832	15 January 1834	1 year and 106 days			Cea Bermúdez II			[8] [9]
									Queen Regent Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1833–1840)
	Francisco Martínez de la Rosa (1787–1862)	15 January 1834	7 June 1835	1 year and 143 days		Moderate	Martínez de la Rosa PMod			[9] [10]
								1834
	José María Queipo de Llano 7th Count of Toreno (1786–1843)	7 June 1835	14 September 1835	99 days			Toreno PMod			[11] [12]
	Miguel Ricardo de Álava[b] (1772–1843)	14 September 1835	25 September 1835	11 days		Progressive	Álava–Mendizabal PProg			[12] [13]
	Juan Álvarez Mendizábal[b] (interim) (1790–1853)	25 September 1835	15 May 1836	233 days						[13] [14]
								Feb. 1836
	Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1790–1871)	15 May 1836	14 August 1836	91 days		Moderate	Istúriz I PMod			[14]
								Jul. 1836
	José María Calatrava (1781–1846)	14 August 1836	10 March 1837	208 days		Progressive	Calatrava PProg			[15] [16] [17] [18]
								Oct. 1836
During this interval, Minister of State Ildefonso Díez de Rivera served as acting officeholder.[c]
	José María Calatrava (1781–1846)	3 April 1837	18 August 1837	137 days		Progressive
	Lieutenant General Baldomero Espartero Count of Luchana (1793–1879)	18 August 1837	18 October 1837	61 days			Espartero I PProg			[19] [20]
								1837
	Eusebio Bardají Azara (1776–1842)	18 October 1837	16 December 1837	59 days		Moderate	Bardají PMod			[20] [21]
	Narciso Heredia Count of Ofalia (1775–1847)	16 December 1837	6 September 1838	264 days			Ofalia II PMod			[21] [22]
	Bernardino Fernández de Velasco 14th Duke of Frías (1783–1851)	6 September 1838	9 December 1838	94 days			Frías PMod			[22] [23]
	Evaristo Pérez de Castro (1778–1849)	9 December 1838	20 July 1840	1 year and 224 days			Pérez de Castro PMod			[23] [24]
								1839
								1840
	Antonio González (1792–1876)	20 July 1840	12 August 1840	23 days		Progressive	González I PProg			[24] [25]
	Lieutenant General Valentín Ferraz (1792–1866)	12 August 1840	28 August 1840	16 days			Ferraz PProg			[25] [26]
	Modesto Cortázar (interim) (1783–1862)	29 August 1840	11 September 1840	13 days			Cortázar (interim) PProg			[26]
	Vicente Sancho (1784–1860)	11 September 1840[d]	16 September 1840	5 days			Sancho PProg			[27] [28] [29]
	Captain General Baldomero Espartero Duke of la Victoria and Morella (1793–1879)	16 September 1840	10 May 1841	236 days			Espartero II PProg			[28] [29]
									Regent[e] Baldomero Espartero (1840–1843)
								1841
	Joaquín María Ferrer (1777–1861)	10 May 1841	20 May 1841	10 days		Progressive (Esparterist)	Ferrer PProg			[30] [31]
	Antonio González (1792–1876)	20 May 1841	17 June 1842	1 year and 28 days			González II PProg			[31] [32]
	Captain General José Ramón Rodil Marquess of Rodil (1789–1853)	17 June 1842	9 May 1843	326 days			Rodil PProg			[33] [34]
								Feb. 1843
	Joaquín María López (1798–1855)	9 May 1843	19 May 1843	10 days		Progressive (Pure)	López I PProg–PMod			[35] [36]
	Álvaro Gómez Becerra (1771–1855)	19 May 1843	23 July 1843	65 days		Progressive (Esparterist)	Gómez Becerra PProg			[37]
	Joaquín María López (1798–1855)	23 July 1843	20 November 1843	120 days		Progressive (Pure)	López II PProg–PMod		President of the Provisional Government (1843)	[38] [39] [40]
								Sep. 1843
									Queen Isabella II (1843–1868)
	Salustiano Olózaga (1805–1873)	20 November 1843	29 November 1843	9 days			Olózaga PProg–PMod			[39] [40] [41]
	Luis González Bravo (1811–1871)	5 December 1843	3 May 1844	150 days		Moderate	González Bravo I Young Spain			[42] [43]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez (1800–1868)	3 May 1844	11 February 1846	1 year and 284 days			Narváez I PMod			[44] [45]
								1844
	Manuel Pando 2nd Marquess of Miraflores (1792–1872)	12 February 1846	16 March 1846	32 days			Miraflores I PMod			[46] [47]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	16 March 1846	5 April 1846	20 days			Narváez II PMod			[48] [49]
	Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1790–1871)	5 April 1846	28 January 1847	298 days			Istúriz II PMod			[50] [51]
								1846
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo Duke of Sotomayor 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo (1802–1855)	28 January 1847	28 March 1847	59 days			Sotomayor PMod			[52] [53]
	Joaquín Francisco Pacheco (1808–1865)	28 March 1847	31 August 1847	156 days			Pacheco PMod			[54] [55]
	Florencio García Goyena (1783–1855)	12 September 1847	4 October 1847	22 days			Goyena PMod			[56] [57]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	4 October 1847	19 October 1849	2 years and 15 days			Narváez III PMod			[58] [59]
	Serafín María de Sotto 3rd Count of Clonard (1793–1862)	19 October 1849	20 October 1849	1 day			De Sotto PMod			[60] [61]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	20 October 1849	10 January 1851	1 year and 82 days			Narváez IV PMod			[62] [63]
								1850
	Juan Bravo Murillo (1803–1873)	14 January 1851	14 December 1852	1 year and 335 days			Bravo Murillo PMod			[64] [65]
								1851
	Lieutenant General Federico Roncali Count of Alcoy (1809–1857)	14 December 1852	14 April 1853	121 days			Roncali PMod			[66] [67]
								1853
	Lieutenant General Francisco Lersundi (1817–1874)	14 April 1853	19 September 1853	158 days			Lersundi PMod			[68] [69]
	Luis José Sartorius Count of San Luis (1820–1871)	19 September 1853	17 July 1854	301 days			Sartorius PMod			[70] [71]
	Lieutenant General Fernando Fernández de Córdova (1809–1883)	17 July 1854	18 July 1854	1 day			Córdova PMod			[72] [73]
	Ángel de Saavedra Duke of Rivas (1791–1865)	18 July 1854	19 July 1854	1 day			Rivas PMod			[74] [75] [76]
	Captain General Baldomero Espartero Duke of la Victoria and Morella (1793–1879)	19 July 1854	28 November 1854	1 year and 361 days		Progressive	Espartero III PProg			[75] [77] [78]
								1854
		28 November 1854	14 July 1856				Espartero IV PProg
	Captain General Leopoldo O'Donnell Count of Lucena (1809–1867)	14 July 1856	12 October 1856	90 days		Liberal Union	O'Donnell I UL			[78] [79]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	12 October 1856	15 October 1857	1 year and 3 days		Moderate	Narváez V PMod			[80] [81]
								1857
	Captain General Francisco Armero Peñaranda (1804–1866)	15 October 1857	14 January 1858	91 days			Peñaranda PMod			[81] [82]
	Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1790–1871)	14 January 1858	30 June 1858	167 days			Istúriz III PMod			[82] [83]
	Captain General Leopoldo O'Donnell Count of Lucena (1809–1867)	30 June 1858	7 November 1859	1 year and 130 days		Liberal Union	O'Donnell II UL			[84] [85] [86]
								1858
	Saturnino Calderón Collantes (interim) (1799–1864)	7 November 1859	30 April 1860	175 days			Calderón (interim) UL			[86] [87]
	Captain General Leopoldo O'Donnell Duke of Tetuán (1809–1867)	30 April 1860	17 January 1863	2 years and 306 days			O'Donnell II UL			[87] [88] [89]
		17 January 1863	2 March 1863				O'Donnell III UL
	Manuel Pando 2nd Marquess of Miraflores (1792–1872)	2 March 1863	17 January 1864	321 days		Moderate	Miraflores II PMod			[90] [91]
								1863
	Lorenzo Arrazola (1795–1873)	17 January 1864	1 March 1864	44 days			Arrazola PMod			[91] [92]
	Alejandro Mon (1801–1883)	1 March 1864	16 September 1864	199 days			Mon PMod			[92] [93]
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	16 September 1864	21 June 1865	278 days			Narváez VI PMod			[93] [94]
								1864
	Captain General Leopoldo O'Donnell Duke of Tetuán (1809–1867)	21 June 1865	10 July 1866	1 year and 19 days		Liberal Union	O'Donnell IV UL			[94] [95]
								1865
	Captain General Ramón María Narváez Duke of Valencia (1800–1868)	10 July 1866	23 April 1868†	1 year and 288 days		Moderate	Narváez VII PMod			[95] [96] [97]
								1867
	Luis González Bravo (1811–1871)	23 April 1868	19 September 1868	149 days			González Bravo II PMod			[98] [99]
	Captain General José Gutiérrez de la Concha Marquess of Havana (1809–1895)	19 September 1868	30 September 1868[f]	11 days			Havana PMod			[99]

Democratic Sexennium and First Republic (1868–1874)

Governments:

•   Constitutional
•   Radical
•   Republican
•   Federal Republican
•   Unitary Republican
•   Constitutional
•   Mixed coalition

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	Head of State (Tenure)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Captain General Francisco Serrano Duke of la Torre (1810–1885)	3 October 1868	25 February 1869	258 days		Liberal Union	Serrano I UL–PProg	N/A	President/ Regent[g] Francisco Serrano (1868–1871)	[100] [101] [102]
								1869
		25 February 1869	18 June 1869				Serrano II UL–PProg
	Captain General Juan Prim Marquess of los Castillejos (1814–1870)	18 June 1869	25 August 1869	68 days		Progressive	Prim PProg–UL			[103] [104] [105] [106]
During this interval, Minister of the Navy Juan Bautista Topete served as acting officeholder.[h]
	Captain General Juan Prim Marquess of los Castillejos (1814–1870)	21 September 1869	27 December 1870† (assassinated)	1 year and 97 days		Progressive
	Admiral Juan Bautista Topete (interim) (1821–1885)	27 December 1870	4 January 1871	8 days		Liberal Union	Topete (interim) PProg–UL			[107] [108]
									King Amadeo I (1871–1873)
	Captain General Francisco Serrano Duke of la Torre (1810–1885)	4 January 1871	24 July 1871	201 days			Serrano III UL–PProg			[109] [110]
								1871
	Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1833–1895)	24 July 1871	5 October 1871	73 days		Radical	Ruiz Zorrilla I PR–PProg			[111] [112]
	Counter Admiral José Malcampo (1828–1880)	5 October 1871	21 December 1871	77 days		Constitutional	Malcampo PC			[113] [114]
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	21 December 1871	20 February 1872	157 days			Sagasta I PC			[115] [116] [117]
		20 February 1872	26 May 1872				Sagasta II PC
								Apr. 1872
	Captain General Francisco Serrano Duke of la Torre (1810–1885)	26 May 1872	13 June 1872	18 days			Serrano IV PC			[118] [119]
	Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1833–1895)	13 June 1872	11 February 1873	244 days		Radical	Ruiz Zorrilla II PR			[119] [120]
								Aug. 1872
	Estanislao Figueras (1819–1882)	12 February 1873	24 February 1873	119 days		Republican	Figueras I PRDF–PR–RU		President of the Executive Power[i] (1873–1874)	[121] [122] [123]
		24 February 1873	11 June 1873				Figueras II PRDF–RU
								1873
	Francisco Pi y Margall (1824–1901)	11 June 1873	18 July 1873	37 days			Pi y Margall PRDF– RU from Jun 1873			[124] [125]
	Nicolás Salmerón (1838–1908)	18 July 1873	7 September 1873	51 days			Salmerón PRDF–RU			[126] [127]
	Emilio Castelar (1832–1899)	7 September 1873	3 January 1874	118 days			Castelar RU			[128] [129]
	Captain General Francisco Serrano Duke of la Torre (1810–1885)	3 January 1874	26 February 1874	54 days		Constitutional	Serrano V PC–RU– PR from Jan 1874	N/A		[130] [131]
	Juan de Zavala Marquess of Sierra Bullones (1804–1879)	26 February 1874	13 May 1874	123 days			Zavala I PC–RU–PR			[132] [133] [134] [135] [136]
		13 May 1874	29 June 1874[j]				Zavala II PC
During this interval, Minister of Governance Práxedes Mateo Sagasta served as acting officeholder.
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	3 September 1874	31 December 1874	119 days		Constitutional	Sagasta III PC			[137] [138]

Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874–1931)

Governments:

•   Conservative
•   Liberal
•   Dynastic Left
•   Liberal Unity
•   Liberal Democratic
•   Maurist
•   Military
•   Civil Directory
•   Mixed coalition

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	Monarch (Reign)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	31 December 1874	12 September 1875	255 days		Conservative	Cánovas I PLC	N/A	President of the Regency Ministry[k] (1874–1875)	[138] [139]
									King Alfonso XII (1874–1885)
	Lieutenant General Joaquín Jovellar (1819–1892)	12 September 1875	2 December 1875	81 days			Jovellar PLC			[140] [141]
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	2 December 1875	7 March 1879	3 years and 95 days			Cánovas II PLC			[142] [143]
								1876
	Captain General Arsenio Martínez Campos (1831–1900)	7 March 1879	9 December 1879	277 days			Martínez Campos PLC			[144] [145]
								1879
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	9 December 1879	8 February 1881	1 year and 61 days			Cánovas III PLC			[146] [147]
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	8 February 1881	13 October 1883	2 years and 247 days		Liberal	Sagasta IV PLF			[148] [149]
								1881
	José Posada Herrera (1814–1885)	13 October 1883	18 January 1884	97 days		Dynastic Left	Posada Herrera ID			[150] [151]
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	18 January 1884	27 November 1885	1 year and 313 days		Conservative	Cánovas IV PLC			[152] [153]
								1884
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	27 November 1885	11 December 1888	4 years and 220 days		Liberal	Sagasta V PL		Queen Regent Maria Christina of Austria (1885–1902)	[154] [155] [156] [157]
								1886
		11 December 1888	21 January 1890				Sagasta VI PL
		21 January 1890	5 July 1890				Sagasta VII PL
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	5 July 1890	23 November 1891	2 years and 159 days		Conservative	Cánovas V PLC			[158] [159] [160]
								1891
		23 November 1891	11 December 1892				Cánovas VI PLC
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	11 December 1892	23 March 1895	2 years and 102 days		Liberal	Sagasta VIII PL			[161] [162]
								1893
	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)	23 March 1895	8 August 1897† (assassinated)	2 years and 138 days		Conservative	Cánovas VII PLC			[163] [164] [165]
								1896
During this interval, Minister of War Marcelo Azcárraga served as acting officeholder.
	Lieutenant General Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	21 August 1897	4 October 1897	44 days		Conservative	Azcárraga I PLC			[166] [167]
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	4 October 1897	4 March 1899	1 year and 151 days		Liberal	Sagasta IX PL			[168] [169]
								1898
	Francisco Silvela (1843–1905)	4 March 1899	23 October 1900	1 year and 233 days		Conservative Union	Silvela I PLC			[170] [171]
								1899
	Lieutenant General Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	23 October 1900	6 March 1901	134 days		Conservative	Azcárraga II PLC			[172] [173]
	Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825–1903)	6 March 1901	19 March 1902	1 year and 275 days		Liberal	Sagasta X PL			[174] [175] [176] [177]
								1901
		19 March 1902	15 November 1902				Sagasta XI PL
									King Alfonso XIII (1902–1931)
		15 November 1902	6 December 1902				Sagasta XII PL
	Francisco Silvela (1843–1905)	6 December 1902	20 July 1903	226 days		Conservative	Silvela II PLC			[178] [179]
								1903
	Raimundo Fernández Villaverde Marquess of Pozo Rubio (1848–1905)	20 July 1903	5 December 1903	138 days			Villaverde I PLC			[179] [180]
	Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	5 December 1903	16 December 1904	1 year and 11 days			Maura I PLC			[181] [182]
	Lieutenant General Marcelo Azcárraga (1832–1915)	16 December 1904	27 January 1905	42 days			Azcárraga III PLC			[183] [184]
	Raimundo Fernández Villaverde Marquess of Pozo Rubio (1848–1905)	27 January 1905	23 June 1905	147 days			Villaverde II PLC			[185] [186]
	Eugenio Montero Ríos (1832–1914)	23 June 1905	31 October 1905	161 days		Liberal	Montero Ríos I PL			[187] [188] [189]
								1905
		31 October 1905	1 December 1905				Montero Ríos II PL
	Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	1 December 1905	6 July 1906	217 days			Moret I PL			[190] [191]
	Captain General José López Domínguez (1829–1911)	6 July 1906	30 November 1906	147 days			López Dominguez PL			[191] [192]
	Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	30 November 1906	4 December 1906	4 days			Moret II PL			[193] [194]
	Antonio Aguilar y Correa 8th Marquess of la Vega de Armijo (1824–1908)	4 December 1906	25 January 1907	52 days			Aguilar y Correa PL			[195] [196]
	Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	25 January 1907	21 October 1909	2 years and 269 days		Conservative	Maura II PLC			[196] [197]
								1907
	Segismundo Moret (1833–1913)	21 October 1909	9 February 1910	111 days		Liberal	Moret III PL			[198] [199]
	José Canalejas (1854–1912)	9 February 1910	2 January 1911	2 years and 277 days			Canalejas I PL			[200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205]
								1910
		2 January 1911	3 April 1911				Canalejas II PL
		3 April 1911	12 November 1912† (assassinated)				Canalejas III PL
During this interval, Minister of State Manuel García Prieto served as acting officeholder.
	Álvaro de Figueroa Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	14 November 1912	31 December 1912	347 days		Liberal (Romanonist)	Romanones I PL			[206] [207] [208]
		31 December 1912	27 October 1913				Romanones II PL
	Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	27 October 1913	9 December 1915	2 years and 43 days		Conservative (Datist)	Dato I PLC			[209] [210]
								1914
	Álvaro de Figueroa Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	9 December 1915	19 April 1917	1 year and 131 days		Liberal (Romanonist)	Romanones III PL–LD			[211] [212]
			1916
	Manuel García Prieto Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	19 April 1917		11 June 1917	53 days		Liberal Democrats	García Prieto I LD–IL		[213] [214]
	Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	11 June 1917		3 November 1917	145 days		Conservative (Datist)	Dato II PLC		[215] [216]
	Manuel García Prieto Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	3 November 1917		22 March 1918	139 days		Liberal Democrats	García Prieto II LD–L–PM–CC– LRC until Mar 1918		[217] [218]
	Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	22 March 1918	9 November 1918	232 days		Maurist	Maura III PM–PLC–LD–L–LRC– IL until Oct 1918	1918		[219] [220]
	Manuel García Prieto Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	9 November 1918	5 December 1918	26 days		Liberal Democrats	García Prieto III LD–L–IL			[221] [222]
	Álvaro de Figueroa Count of Romanones (1863–1950)	5 December 1918	14 April 1919	130 days		Liberal (Romanonist)	Romanones IV L			[223] [224]
	Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	14 April 1919	20 July 1919	97 days		Maurist	Maura IV PM–CC			[225] [226]
	Joaquín Sánchez de Toca (1852–1942)	20 July 1919	12 December 1919	145 days		Conservative (Datist)	Sánchez de Toca PLC			[227] [228]
								1919
	Manuel Allendesalazar (1856–1923)	12 December 1919	5 May 1920	145 days		Conservative	Allendesalazar I PLC–LD–L–IL			[229] [230]
	Eduardo Dato (1856–1921)	5 May 1920	8 March 1921† (assassinated)	307 days		Conservative (Datist)	Dato III PLC			[231] [232] [233] [234]
								1920
During this interval, Minister of Governance Gabino Bugallal served as acting officeholder.
	Manuel Allendesalazar (1856–1923)	13 March 1921	14 August 1921	154 days		Conservative	Allendesalazar II PLC–CC			[235] [236]
	Antonio Maura (1853–1925)	14 August 1921	8 March 1922	206 days		Maurist	Maura V PM–L–CC–PLC–LRC			[237] [238]
	José Sánchez-Guerra (1859–1935)	8 March 1922	7 December 1922	274 days		Conservative	Sánchez-Guerra PLC– PM–LRC until Apr 1922			[239] [240]
	Manuel García Prieto Marquess of Alhucemas (1859–1938)	7 December 1922	15 September 1923	282 days		Liberal Democrats	García Prieto IV LD–L–IL– PR until Apr 1923			[241] [242]
								1923
	Lieutenant General Miguel Primo de Rivera 2nd Marquess of Estella (1870–1930)	15 September 1923	3 December 1925	6 years and 137 days		Military	Military Directory Mil.	N/A		[243] [244] [245]
		3 December 1925	30 January 1930			Patriotic Union	Civil Directory UP–Mil.
	Lieutenant General Dámaso Berenguer Count of Xauen (1873–1953)	30 January 1930	18 February 1931	1 year and 19 days		Military	Berenguer Mil.–Ind.			[246] [247]
	Captain General Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (1860–1933)	18 February 1931	14 April 1931	55 days			Aznar-Cabañas Mil.–Ind.			[248] [249]

Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Governments:

•   Provisional
•   Reformist
•   Radical
•   Radical–Cedist
•   Centrist
•   Popular Front
•   War cabinet
•   Mixed coalition

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	President (Tenure)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1877–1949)	14 April 1931	14 October 1931	183 days		DLR / PRP	Alcalá-Zamora PSOE–PRR–PRRS–DLR/PRP– AR–ORGA–PCR	N/A	President of the Provisional Government (1931)	[250] [251]
								1931
	Manuel Azaña (1880–1940)	14 October 1931	11 December 1931	1 year and 333 days		AR	Azaña I PSOE–PRR–PRRS–AR–ORGA–PCR			[252] [253] [254] [255] [256] [257]
		16 December 1931	12 June 1933				Azaña II PSOE–PRRS–AR–ERC–ORGA/PRG		President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931–1936)
		12 June 1933	12 September 1933				Azaña III PSOE–PRRS–AR–ERC–PRG–PRDF
	Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	12 September 1933	8 October 1933	26 days		PRR	Lerroux I PRR–PRRS–ERC–AR–ORGA–IRS			[258] [259]
	Diego Martínez Barrio (1883–1962)	8 October 1933	16 December 1933	69 days			Martínez Barrio I PRR–PRRS–ERC–AR–ORGA–PRP–IRS			[260] [261]
	Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	16 December 1933	3 March 1934	133 days			Lerroux II PRR–PAE–PRP–PRLD–PRG	1933		[262] [263] [264]
		3 March 1934	28 April 1934				Lerroux III PRR–PAE–PRP–PRLD–PRG
	Ricardo Samper (1881–1938)	28 April 1934	4 October 1934	159 days			Samper PRR–PAE–PRP–PRLD–PRG			[265] [266]
	Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949)	4 October 1934	3 April 1935	356 days			Lerroux IV PRR–CEDA–PAE–PRLD			[267] [268] [269] [270]
		3 April 1935	6 May 1935				Lerroux V PRR–PRP–Ind.
		6 May 1935	25 September 1935				Lerroux VI CEDA–PRR–PAE–PRLD
	Joaquín Chapaprieta (1871–1951)	25 September 1935	29 October 1935	80 days		Independent	Chapaprieta I CEDA–PRR–PAE–LC			[271] [272] [273]
		29 October 1935	14 December 1935				Chapaprieta II CEDA–PRR–PAE–LC
	Manuel Portela Valladares (1867–1952)	14 December 1935	30 December 1935	67 days			Portela I Ind.–PRR–PAE–LC–PRP–PRLD			[274] [275] [276]
		30 December 1935	19 February 1936			PCD	Portela II PCD–PRP–Ind.
	Manuel Azaña (1880–1940)	19 February 1936	10 May 1936	81 days		IR	Azaña IV IR–UR	1936		[277] [278]
	Augusto Barcía Trelles (interim) (1881–1961)	10 May 1936	13 May 1936	3 days			Barcía Trelles (interim) IR–UR		President Manuel Azaña (1936–1939)	[279] [280]
	Santiago Casares Quiroga (1884–1950)	13 May 1936	18 July 1936	66 days			Casares Quiroga IR–UR–ERC			[281] [282]
	Diego Martínez Barrio (1883–1962)	18 July 1936	19 July 1936	1 day		UR	Martínez Barrio II UR–PNR–IR–ERC			[283] [284]
	José Giral (1879–1962)	19 July 1936	4 September 1936	47 days		IR	Giral IR–UR–ERC			[285] [286]
	Francisco Largo Caballero (1869–1946)	4 September 1936	4 November 1936	255 days		PSOE	Largo Caballero I PSOE–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV			[287] [288]
		4 November 1936	17 May 1937				Largo Caballero II PSOE–CNT–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV
	Juan Negrín (1892–1956)	17 May 1937	5 April 1938	1 year and 292 days			Negrín I PSOE–IR–PCE–UR–ERC–PNV			[289] [290]
		5 April 1938	31 March 1939[291]				Negrín II PSOE–IR–UR–PCE–PNV–CNT– ERC until Aug 1938 PSUC–ANV from Aug 1938

Francoist Spain (1936–1975)

Governments:

•   National Movement

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	Head of State (Tenure)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Generalissimo Francisco Franco (1892–1975)	30 January 1938[l]	9 August 1939	35 years and 129 days		National Movement (Military)	Franco I National Movement	N/A	Caudillo Francisco Franco (1936–1975)	[292] [293] [294] [295]
		9 August 1939	20 July 1945				Franco II National Movement
		20 July 1945	19 July 1951				Franco III National Movement
		19 July 1951	25 February 1957				Franco IV National Movement
		25 February 1957	11 July 1962				Franco V National Movement
		11 July 1962	8 July 1965				Franco VI National Movement
		8 July 1965	30 October 1969				Franco VII National Movement
		30 October 1969	9 June 1973				Franco VIII National Movement
	Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco (1904–1973)	9 June 1973	20 December 1973† (assassinated)	195 days			Carrero Blanco National Movement			[296] [297]
During this interval, Deputy Prime Minister Torcuato Fernández-Miranda served as acting officeholder.
	Carlos Arias Navarro (1908–1989)	31 December 1973	5 December 1975	1 year and 341 days		National Movement (Nonpartisan)	Arias Navarro I National Movement			[298] [299]
									Regency Council[m] (1975)

Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)

Governments:

•   National Movement
•   UCD
•   PSOE
•   PP
•   Mixed coalition

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Government Composition	Election	Monarch (Reign)	Ref.
		Took office	Left office	Duration
	Carlos Arias Navarro (1908–1989)	5 December 1975	1 July 1976	209 days		National Movement (Nonpartisan)	Arias Navarro II National Movement	N/A	King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014)	[299] [300]
During this interval, First Deputy Prime Minister Fernando de Santiago served as acting officeholder.
	Adolfo Suárez (1932–2014)	5 July 1976	17 June 1977	4 years and 236 days		National Movement (UDPE)	Suárez I National Movement[n]			[303] [304] [305] [306] [307]
		17 June 1977	2 April 1979			UCD	Suárez II UCD	1977
		2 April 1979	26 February 1981				Suárez III UCD	1979
	Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1926–2008)	26 February 1981	2 December 1982	1 year and 279 days			Calvo-Sotelo UCD			[308] [309]
	Felipe González (born 1942)	2 December 1982	24 July 1986	13 years and 155 days		PSOE	González I PSOE	1982		[310] [311] [312] [313] [314]
		24 July 1986	6 December 1989				González II PSOE	1986
		6 December 1989	14 July 1993				González III PSOE	1989
		14 July 1993	5 May 1996				González IV PSOE	1993
	José María Aznar (born 1953)	5 May 1996	27 April 2000	7 years and 349 days		PP	Aznar I PP	1996		[315] [316] [317]
		27 April 2000	17 April 2004				Aznar II PP	2000
	José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 1960)	17 April 2004	12 April 2008	7 years and 248 days		PSOE	Zapatero I PSOE	2004		[318] [319] [320]
		12 April 2008	21 December 2011				Zapatero II PSOE	2008
	Mariano Rajoy (born 1955)	21 December 2011	31 October 2016	6 years and 162 days		PP	Rajoy I PP	2011		[321] [322] [323] [324]
									King Felipe VI (2014–present)
								2015
		31 October 2016	1 June 2018 (censured)				Rajoy II PP	2016
	Pedro Sánchez (born 1972)	2 June 2018	8 January 2020	6 years and 286 days		PSOE	Sánchez I PSOE			[325] [326] [327]
								Apr. 2019
		8 January 2020	17 November 2023				Sánchez II PSOE–UP/Sumar	Nov. 2019
		17 November 2023	Incumbent				Sánchez III PSOE–Sumar	2023

Timeline

Notes

1. Creation of the Council of Ministers.
2. Appointed as the de jure officeholder, Miguel Ricardo de Álava rejected his nomination and did not formally take office. Juan Álvarez Mendizábal was nominally appointed to serve in interim capacity, but became the de facto officeholder after Álava's renounce.
3. José María Calatrava was the de jure officeholder from 14 August 1836 to 18 August 1837. As a result of illness, Minister of State Ildefonso Díez de Rivera took on the ordinary discharge of duties from 10 March to 3 April 1837.
4. Appointed to the office on 11 September 1840 by the Queen Regent from her hideout in Valencia. The appointment arrived to the Espartero-controlled Madrid on the night of the 13th.
5. President of the Provisional Regency of the Realm (1840–1841), Regent of the Realm (1841–1843).
6. On 30 September 1868, Queen Isabella II went into exile as a result of the Glorious Revolution and the Battle of Alcolea.
7. President of the Provisional Government (1868–1869), President of the Executive Power (1869), Regent of the Realm (1869–1871).
8. Juan Prim was the de jure officeholder from 18 June 1869 to 30 December 1870. As a result of a travel to France, Minister of the Navy Juan Bautista Topete took on the ordinary discharge of duties from 26 August to 21 September 1869.
9. During the First Spanish Republic, the offices of the heads of state and government were merged until Francisco Serrano split them again in February 1874.
10. Despite being appointed as Commander of the Northern Army in the Third Carlist War on 29 June 1874, Juan de Zavala remained the de jure officeholder until 3 September.
11. Antonio Cánovas del Castillo held the office until Alfonso XII's return to Spain on 9 January 1875.
12. Position disputed with the Republican government from 30 January 1938 to the end of the Civil War on 1 April 1939.
13. Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel, in his condition as president of the Council of the Realm, served as chairman of the Regency Council from Franco's death on 20 November to Juan Carlos I's enthronement two days later.
14. On 7 April 1977, the National Movement (including FET y de las JONS) was officially disbanded,^[301][302] with many cabinet members joining the nascent Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) upon its formation in May 1977.