丈

See also: 𠀋 and 大

丈 U+4E08, 丈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E08 ← 万 [U+4E07] CJK Unified Ideographs 三 → [U+4E09]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丈 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十大 (JK), four-corner 5000₀, composition ⿻𠂇㇏)

Derived characters

• 仗, 扙, 杖, 粀, 㽴

Additional Derived Characters

• 𡉋, 𡚹, 𢗆, 𭷹, 𭶾, 𤣸, 𧘓, 𨥅, 𰖊, 𮩟, 𮊨, 𭑢, 𣈡, 𤓾, 𰛳, 𠀋, 𭩻, 𮈌, 𤽩, 𠷱, 𱷓, 𱷖

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11
• Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4E08

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丈
alternative forms		𠀋

Wikipedia has an article on:

• zhang (unit) (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丈
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s01638 Transcribed ancient scripts L35087 L17509
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丈	*daŋʔ
杖	*daŋʔ
仗	*daŋʔ, *daŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 十 (“ten”) + 又 (“hand”) – ten chi (尺) is one zhang (丈). Similar but unrelated to 支.

Etymology

"gentleman, older man, husband"

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (Schuessler (2007), STEDT; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) "upwards", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

"unit of measurement"

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, compare Mizo ṭâng " kai (“to measure (v.), a measure (n.) from the tip of the middle finger from one side to a spot between the breast bone and the other side's armpit”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhàng (zhang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zang⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang⁵ / ciang⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhong / chhông

  (Hailu, HRS): chong^˖ / chong^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): dâung / diông / tiông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieo⁵ / diunn⁵ / dung⁵ / dng⁵ / dyorng⁵ / dyoeng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiūⁿ / tiōⁿ / tiǔⁿ / tiāuⁿ / tn̄g / tňg / tiōng / tiāng / tiǒng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): deng⁶ / ziang⁶ / diên⁶ / dion⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zan / ⁴dzan / ⁶dzan / ⁴zan / ⁶za / ⁴za / ⁶jian

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
    • Wade–Giles: chang⁴
    • Yale: jàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
    • Palladius: чжан (čžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng⁶
    • Yale: jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ziang⁵ / ciang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ³²/, /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/

Note: ciang4 - "husband of one's aunt".

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong / chhông
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong / cong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴ / cong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chong^˖ / chong^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰoŋ³³/, /t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâung / diông / tiông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑuŋ²⁴²/, /tuɔŋ²⁴²/, /tʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Note:

• dâung - unit of measure;
• diông/tiông - kinship term.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dā̤uⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diunn⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tĩũ²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dung⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dn̄g
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tŋ̍²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyorng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyɒŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyoeng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyøŋ²¹/
Note:
• dieo5/diunn5, dung5/dng5 - vernacular;
• dyorng5/dyoeng5 - literary.
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dviu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /tiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /tiũ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvioi
    • IPA (Tainan): /tiɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiǔnn
    • IPA (Lukang, Philippines): /tiũ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiũ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiāuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiāunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dviau
    • IPA (Penang): /tiãu²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̄g
    • Tâi-lô: tn̄g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tňg
    • Tâi-lô: tňg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiāng
    • Tâi-lô: tiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng
    • Tâi-lô: tiǒng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
Note:
• tiūⁿ/tiōⁿ/tiǔⁿ, tn̄g/tňg - vernacular;
• tiōng/tiāng/tiǒng - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: deng⁶ / ziang⁶ / diên⁶ / dion⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̆ng / tsiăng / tiĕⁿ / tiŏⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯŋ³⁵/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/, /tĩẽ³⁵/, /tĩõ³⁵/
Note:
• deng6 - unit of measurement;
• ziang6 - “to measure”;
• diên6/dion6 - “gentleman”.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zan
    • MiniDict: zan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zã²³¹/
  • (Northern: Chongming, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁴dzan
    • MiniDict: dzan^上
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡zã²⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /d͡zaŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Chongming, Changzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶dzan
    • MiniDict: dzan^去
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡zã³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /d͡zaŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zɑŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan)
    • Wugniu: ⁴zan
    • MiniDict: zan^上
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zæ̃²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zã²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /zã⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Haining): /zã⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /zã²³²/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶za
    • MiniDict: za^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ²³¹/
  • (Northern: Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan)
    • Wugniu: ⁴za
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /za⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Haining): /za⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /za²³²/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jian
    • MiniDict: jian^去
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡ʑiã¹¹³/
Note: za - as in "father-in-law", see 丈人.

---

• Middle Chinese: drjangX

Rime
Character	丈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直兩切
Baxter	drjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]raŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhàng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]raŋʔ/
English	ten feet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丈
Reading #	1/1
No.	16836
Phonetic component	丈
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	丈
Old Chinese	/*daŋʔ/

Definitions

丈

1. A unit of measurement.
   1. The zhang, a traditional Chinese unit of length equal to 10 chi (尺)
   2. The mainland zhang, a unit of length standardized in 1984 as 3 ¹/₃ meters.

      Synonym: 市丈 (shìzhàng)

   3. The Taiwanese zhang, a unit of length standardized as 3 ¹/₃₃ meters, identical to the Japanese jō.
   4. The Hong Kong jeuhng, standardized as 3.71475 meters.
2. to survey (land); to measure
3. gentleman; man; husband

   丈夫  ―  zhàngfū  ―  husband

See also

• 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn), 分 (fēn)

Compounds

• 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
• 一丈青
• 一落千丈 (yīluòqiānzhàng)
• 一跳八丈
• 丈丈
• 丈二金剛 / 丈二金刚
• 丈人
• 丈人峰
• 丈人行
• 丈八燈臺 / 丈八灯台
• 丈八蛇矛 (Zhàng bā shémáo)
• 丈六金身
• 丈夫
• 丈夫女
• 丈夫子
• 丈室
• 丈母 (zhàngmǔ)
• 丈母娘
• 丈莊 / 丈庄 (Zhàngzhuāng)
• 丈量 (zhàngliáng)
• 不丈夫
• 偉丈夫 / 伟丈夫
• 光焰萬丈 / 光焰万丈
• 光芒萬丈 / 光芒万丈 (guāngmángwànzhàng)
• 公丈 (gōngzhàng)
• 函丈
• 國丈 / 国丈
• 大丈夫
• 大八丈
• 女丈夫
• 女中丈夫
• 姑丈 (gūzhàng)
• 妹丈 (mèizhàng)
• 姊丈 (zǐzhàng)
• 姑丈人
• 姨丈 (yízhàng)
• 家丈人
• 小丈夫
• 尺水丈波
• 岳丈 (yuèzhàng)
• 師丈 / 师丈 (shīzhàng)
• 席間函丈 / 席间函丈
• 方丈 (fāngzhàng)
• 方丈之饌 / 方丈之馔
• 方丈盈前
• 日高三丈
• 清丈
• 火冒三丈 (huǒmàosānzhàng)
• 烈丈夫
• 百丈 (bǎizhàng)
• 百丈山
• 百丈清規 / 百丈清规
• 百丈竿頭 / 百丈竿头
• 眇小丈夫
• 萬丈 / 万丈 (wànzhàng)
• 萬丈深淵 / 万丈深渊
• 萬丈竿頭 / 万丈竿头
• 萬丈高樓平地起 / 万丈高楼平地起 (wànzhàng gāolóu píngdì qǐ)
• 紅塵萬丈 / 红尘万丈
• 老丈 (lǎozhàng)
• 老丈人
• 蓑衣丈人
• 豪情萬丈 / 豪情万丈
• 賤丈夫 / 贱丈夫
• 雄心萬丈 / 雄心万丈
• 食前方丈
• 食味方丈
• 黎丘丈人