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直
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 真
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Translingual
Alternative forms
Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form does; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.
Han character
直 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))
Derived characters
See also
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
- Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
- Unihan data for U+76F4
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead. Then, a black dot was drawn inside the vertical stroke and this point later became a horizontal stroke (hence getting a shape similar to 十).
The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
A conservative version is used inside the character 𢛳 (> 德), while the modern version is used inside its variant 惪. Unrelated to 具 and 真.
Etymology
- "simply; only"
- According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
- "straight; right"
- According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”), whence Burmese တက်တက် (taktak, “very, completely”) and Burmese တျက်တျက် (tyaktyak, “almost, quite”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- “heterosexual”
- Semantic loan from English straight.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zhí
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhii̊q
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): zeak8
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet5
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik6
- Gan (Wiktionary): ciit7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zeh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dā̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dih7
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zik6
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
- Wade–Giles: chih2
- Yale: jŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: zhí
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: zhii̊q
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhiiq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zik6
- Yale: jihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9
- Guangdong Romanization: jig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: zeak8
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sək̚²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zet5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡set̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ciit7
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ciid
- Hagfa Pinyim: cid6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: chidˋ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zeh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dā̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dih7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: di̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiʔ⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍t
- Tâi-lô: te̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: det
- IPA (Hui'an): /tet̚²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
- Tâi-lô: ti̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: dek
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
- Tâi-lô: tia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: diak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Hui'an): /tiak̚²³/
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Huian, Zhangzhou:
- ti̍t/te̍t - vernacular (“straight; straightforward; simple and frank; constantly; settled; a simple kind of board game”);
- tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dig8 / dêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti̍k / te̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tik̚⁴/, /tek̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- dig8 - Chaozhou and Shantou;
- dêg8 - Jieyang.
- dieg8 - vernacular;
- jig4 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: zik6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Kunshan, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing)
- Wugniu: 8zeq
- MiniDict: zeh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5zeq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zəʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zəʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /zəʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /zəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /zəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /zəʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Deqing): /zəʔ³³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Chuansha)
- (Northern: Chongming, Changzhou, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan)
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
- (Northern: Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- (Northern: Jingjiang)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Kunshan, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing)
- Xiang
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: drik
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡ/
Definitions
直
- straight; linear; undeviating
- to straighten
- vertical; upright; erect; perpendicular
- honest; fair; just; upright
- 正直 ― zhèngzhí ― upright
- straightforward; forthright; frank
- directly; straight
- 直去 ― zhí qù ― to go directly to
- stiff; numb
- constantly; continuously
- simply; just; only
- (Hokkien) simple and frank; without scruples or misgivings (in one's temperament, speech, or actions)
- (Hokkien) settled; clear; brought to an end
- (Mainland China Hokkien) a simple kind of board game similar to Go
- (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
- (slang) straight; heterosexual
- (historical) short for 直隸/直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”)
- 直系軍閥/直系军阀 ― Zhí xì jūnfá ― the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
- 直皖戰爭/直皖战争 ― Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng ― Zhili–Anhui War
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 值 (“to be worth”)
- (Cantonese, slang, figurative) dead
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一往直前 (yīwǎngzhíqián)
- 一直 (yīzhí)
- 不直 (bùzhí)
- 不顧曲直 / 不顾曲直
- 亢直 (kàngzhí)
- 亮直
- 以直報怨 / 以直报怨 (yǐzhíbàoyuàn)
- 仗義直言 / 仗义直言
- 伸直 (shēnzhí)
- 侃直
- 倒橫直豎 / 倒横直竖
- 僵直
- 儤直
- 兩眼發直 / 两眼发直
- 兩腳直跳 / 两脚直跳
- 剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
- 剪直
- 勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
- 勇猛直前
- 北直隸 / 北直隶
- 口快心直 (kǒukuàixīnzhí)
- 司直
- 唾沫直嚥 / 唾沫直咽
- 單刀直入 / 单刀直入 (dāndāozhírù)
- 嘴直
- 垂直 (chuízhí)
- 坦直
- 垂直線 / 垂直线
- 垂直起飛 / 垂直起飞
- 垂直距離 / 垂直距离
- 垂直面
- 境外直航
- 夜直
- 大直若屈
- 奮起直追 / 奋起直追
- 女直 (Nǚzhí)
- 好諛惡直 / 好谀恶直
- 委任直選 / 委任直选
- 婞直 (xìngzhí)
- 寒毛直豎 / 寒毛直竖
- 小枉大直
- 峭直
- 峻直
- 師直為壯 / 师直为壮
- 平直 (píngzhí)
- 平直康莊 / 平直康庄
- 平鋪直序 / 平铺直序
- 平鋪直敘 / 平铺直叙 (píngpūzhíxù)
- 廉直
- 徑直 / 径直 (jìngzhí)
- 心直
- 心直口快 (xīnzhíkǒukuài)
- 心直嘴快 (xīnzhízuǐkuài)
- 忠直 (zhōngzhí)
- 急起直追 (jíqǐzhízhuī)
- 急轉直下 / 急转直下 (jízhuǎnzhíxià)
- 惡直醜正 / 恶直丑正
- 愚直 (yúzhí)
- 憨直 (hānzhí)
- 懞直 / 蒙直
- 戇直 / 戆直 (zhuàngzhí)
- 截彎取直 / 截弯取直
- 打得逼直
- 扶搖直上 / 扶摇直上 (fúyáozhíshàng)
- 扭曲作直
- 抗直
- 扯直
- 扶直 (fúzhí)
- 承直
- 拗曲作直
- 挺直 (tǐngzhí)
- 振筆直書 / 振笔直书
- 撓直為曲 / 挠直为曲
- 是非曲直 (shìfēiqūzhí)
- 曲直 (qūzhí)
- 曲直分明
- 朴直 (pǔzhí)
- 枉尺直尋 / 枉尺直寻
- 梗直 (gěngzhí)
- 樸直 / 朴直 (pǔzhí)
- 橫直 / 横直 (héngzhí)
- 橫行直撞 / 横行直撞 (héngxíngzhízhuàng)
- 橫衝直撞 / 横冲直撞 (héngchōngzhízhuàng)
- 正法直度
- 正直 (zhèngzhí)
- 正直清廉
- 正直無私 / 正直无私
- 正直無邪 / 正直无邪
- 正色直言
- 正言直諫 / 正言直谏
- 氣壯理直 / 气壮理直
- 汲直
- 沽直
- 爽直 (shuǎngzhí)
- 率直 (shuàizhí)
- 理直 (lǐzhí)
- 理直氣壯 / 理直气壮 (lǐzhíqìzhuàng)
- 當直 / 当直 (dāngzhí)
- 當直的 / 当直的
- 當直巡邏 / 当直巡逻
- 白直
- 直上
- 直下
- 直上直下
- 直上青雲 / 直上青云
- 直人 (zhírén)
- 直來直往 / 直来直往
- 直偷硬取
- 直入 (zhírù)
- 直入公堂
- 直內方外 / 直内方外
- 直到 (zhídào)
- 直升 (zhíshēng)
- 直升機 / 直升机 (zhíshēngjī)
- 直去直來 / 直去直来
- 直呼其名
- 直喻
- 直奉戰爭 / 直奉战争
- 直子
- 直宿
- 直射
- 直尺 (zhíchǐ)
- 直屬 / 直属 (zhíshǔ)
- 直己 (zhíjǐ)
- 直布羅陀 / 直布罗陀 (Zhíbùluótuó)
- 直待 (zhídài)
- 直徑 / 直径 (zhíjìng)
- 直得
- 直心眼兒 / 直心眼儿
- 直性子 (zhíxìngzi)
- 直恁
- 直情徑行 / 直情径行
- 直截 (zhíjié)
- 直截了當 / 直截了当 (zhíjiéliǎodàng)
- 直承
- 直抒己見 / 直抒己见
- 直拄直
- 直拳
- 直指
- 直挺挺 (zhítǐngtǐng)
- 直捷 (zhíjié)
- 直接 (zhíjiē)
- 直接了當 / 直接了当 (zhíjiēliǎodàng)
- 直捷了當 / 直捷了当 (zhíjiéliǎodàng)
- 直接保護 / 直接保护
- 直接廣播 / 直接广播
- 直接徵稅 / 直接征税
- 直接推理
- 直接接觸 / 直接接触
- 直接政治
- 直接民權 / 直接民权
- 直接灸
- 直接稅 / 直接税
- 直接立法
- 直接肥料 (zhíjiē féiliào)
- 直接證據 / 直接证据
- 直接貿易 / 直接贸易 (zhíjiē màoyì)
- 直接選舉 / 直接选举 (zhíjiē xuǎnjǔ)
- 直搗 / 直捣 (zhídǎo)
- 直搗黃龍 / 直捣黄龙 (zhídǎohuánglóng)
- 直播 (zhíbō)
- 直撥 / 直拨 (zhíbō)
- 直播衛星 / 直播卫星
- 直播電視 / 直播电视
- 直效行銷 / 直效行销
- 直教
- 直文
- 直斥 (zhíchì)
- 直是 (zhíshì)
- 直書 / 直书 (zhíshū)
- 直木必伐
- 直木賞 / 直木赏
- 直根 (zhígēn)
- 直桶桶
- 直棋
- 直棍兒 / 直棍儿
- 直沽
- 直流電 / 直流电 (zhíliúdiàn)
- 直流馬達 / 直流马达
- 直溜 (zhíliu)
- 直瀉而下 / 直泻而下
- 直營 / 直营
- 直爽 (zhíshuǎng)
- 直率 (zhíshuài)
- 直皖戰爭 / 直皖战争
- 直目
- 直直 (zhízhí)
- 直眉瞪眼
- 直瞪瞪
- 直視 / 直视 (zhíshì)
- 直立 (zhílì)
- 直立人 (zhílìrén)
- 直立莖 / 直立茎
- 直笛 (zhídí)
- 直筆 / 直笔 (zhíbǐ)
- 直筒子
- 直節 / 直节
- 直節勁氣 / 直节劲气
- 直系 (zhíxì)
- 直系親屬 / 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ)
- 直紋 / 直纹
- 直線 / 直线 (zhíxiàn)
- 直繫 / 直系
- 直而不挺
- 直聲 / 直声
- 直肚直腸 / 直肚直肠
- 直脈 / 直脉
- 直腸 / 直肠 (zhícháng)
- 直腸子 / 直肠子 (zhíchángzi)
- 直腸癌 / 直肠癌 (zhícháng'ái)
- 直腸直肚 / 直肠直肚 (zhíchángzhídù)
- 直臣 (zhíchén)
- 直自
- 直致
- 直著身子
- 直落 (Zhíluò)
- 直落三
- 直行 (zhíxíng)
- 直裰 (zhíduō)
- 直襬 / 直摆 (zhíbǎi)
- 直覺 / 直觉 (zhíjué)
- 直觀 / 直观 (zhíguān)
- 直角 (zhíjiǎo)
- 直角坐標 / 直角坐标
- 直角規 / 直角规
- 直言 (zhíyán)
- 直言不諱 / 直言不讳 (zhíyánbùhuì)
- 直言勿諱 / 直言勿讳
- 直言危行
- 直言取禍 / 直言取祸
- 直言極諫 / 直言极谏
- 直言正色
- 直言正論 / 直言正论
- 直言正諫 / 直言正谏
- 直言無忌 / 直言无忌
- 直言無諱 / 直言无讳
- 直言無隱 / 直言无隐
- 直言盡意 / 直言尽意
- 直言讜議 / 直言谠议
- 直言賈禍 / 直言贾祸
- 直言骨鯁 / 直言骨鲠
- 直話 / 直话 (zhíhuà)
- 直話直說 / 直话直说 (zhíhuà zhíshuō)
- 直語補證 / 直语补证
- 直諒 / 直谅
- 直諒多聞 / 直谅多闻
- 直諫 / 直谏 (zhíjiàn)
- 直講 / 直讲
- 直譯 / 直译 (zhíyì)
- 直譯詞 / 直译词
- 直豁
- 直豎 / 直竖
- 直賣店 / 直卖店
- 直跳
- 直蹶蹶
- 直身 (zhíshēn)
- 直躬
- 直躬之信
- 直轄 / 直辖 (zhíxiá)
- 直轄市 / 直辖市 (zhíxiáshì)
- 直通 (zhítōng)
- 直透
- 直進直出 / 直进直出
- 直道 (zhídào)
- 直達 / 直达 (zhídá)
- 直道不容
- 直道事人
- 直道而行
- 直達車 / 直达车 (zhídáchē)
- 直銷 / 直销 (zhíxiāo)
- 直閣 / 直阁
- 直闖 / 直闯
- 直陳 / 直陈
- 直隸 / 直隶 (zhílì)
- 直音 (zhíyīn)
- 直須 / 直须 (zhíxū)
- 直頭布袋 / 直头布袋
- 直餾 / 直馏
- 直鼻權腮 / 直鼻权腮
- 矯枉過直 / 矫枉过直
- 砥平繩直 / 砥平绳直
- 秉筆直書 / 秉笔直书 (bǐngbǐzhíshū)
- 立直 (lìzhí)
- 筆直 / 笔直 (bǐzhí)
- 簡直 / 简直 (jiǎnzhí)
- 綢直 / 绸直
- 縱曲枉直 / 纵曲枉直
- 總統直選 / 总统直选
- 老直
- 耿直 (gěngzhí)
- 聳直 / 耸直
- 脡直
- 舉直措枉 / 举直措枉
- 訐直 / 讦直
- 讜言直聲 / 谠言直声
- 豈直 / 岂直
- 豹立直
- 質直 / 质直
- 質直渾厚 / 质直浑厚
- 迂直
- 迂直之計 / 迂直之计
- 逼直
- 遺直 / 遗直
- 酬直
- 鈞容直 / 钧容直
- 鉛直 / 铅直 (qiānzhí)
- 鐵口直斷 / 铁口直断
- 鐵嘴直斷 / 铁嘴直断
- 鐵筆直書 / 铁笔直书
- 長驅直入 / 长驱直入 (chángqūzhírù)
- 陡直 (dǒuzhí)
- 隨直 / 随直
- 雙眉直豎 / 双眉直竖
- 青雲直上 / 青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
- 頭直上 / 头直上
- 骨直
- 魯直 / 鲁直
- 鯁直 / 鲠直 (gěngzhí)
- 鼓勇直行
Descendants
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02759
- “直”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- “直”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “直”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 262.
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