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直

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 真
Thumb
直 U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4
← 盳
[U+76F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盵 →
[U+76F5]
Thumb
直 U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8
← 盛
[U+FAA7] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
← 䀈
[U+2F93F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳 →
[U+2F941]

Translingual

More information Stroke order (Chinese) ...
More information Stroke order (Japan) ...
More information Stroke order (Japan) ...

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form does; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.

Han character

More information Traditional, Simplified ...

直 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𠶗, 𰌈, 𡥰, 𡸜, 𢃜, 𢏶, 𱡤, 𤊧, 𫌁, 𡖻, 𨁷, 𫒦, 𥊣, 𫗾, 𫤁, 𤣡
  • 𱐱, 𬑚, 𱲿, 𪧡, 𧡚, 𰥺, 𭅨, 𥊢, 𭅬
  • 𡌴, 𫹦, 𡸽, 𣇣, 𠁆, 𠍜, 𥮖, 𦋘, 𰗁, 𪠋, 𭼔, 𱁍, 𰊧, 𨼡, 𢕀, 𥛄, 𣤳

See also

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4
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Chinese

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 直, Shang ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead. Then, a black dot was drawn inside the vertical stroke and this point later became a horizontal stroke (hence getting a shape similar to 十).

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

A conservative version is used inside the character 𢛳 (> 德), while the modern version is used inside its variant 惪. Unrelated to 具 and 真.

Etymology

"simply; only"
According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
"straight; right"
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”), whence Burmese တက်တက် (taktak, “very, completely”) and Burmese တျက်တျက် (tyaktyak, “almost, quite”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“heterosexual”
Semantic loan from English straight.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Huian, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t/te̍t - vernacular (“straight; straightforward; simple and frank; constantly; settled; a simple kind of board game”);
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

直

  1. straight; linear; undeviating
    Antonyms: 彎 / 弯 (wān), 彎曲 / 弯曲 (wānqū), 攣 / 挛 (Cantonese)
    直線／直线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line
  2. to straighten
    他直起腰來，手背在後面。 [MSC, trad.]
    他直起腰来，手背在后面。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zhí qǐ yāo lái, shǒu bèi zài hòumiàn. [Pinyin]
    He straightened up, hands on his back.
  3. vertical; upright; erect; perpendicular
    這個大堂直裡有八米，橫裡有十米。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个大堂直里有八米，横里有十米。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge dàtáng zhí lǐ yǒu bā mǐ, héng lǐ yǒu shí mǐ. [Pinyin]
    This hall is 8 meters in length and 10 meters in width.
  4. honest; fair; just; upright
    正直  ―  zhèngzhí  ―  upright
  5. straightforward; forthright; frank
    直說／直说  ―  zhíshuō  ―  to speak directly
  6. directly; straight
    直去  ―  zhí qù  ―  to go directly to
  7. stiff; numb
    今天太冷了，雙手凍直了。 [MSC, trad.]
    今天太冷了，双手冻直了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīntiān tài lěng le, shuāngshǒu dòng zhí le. [Pinyin]
    Today's so cold, my two hands are frozen numb.
  8. constantly; continuously
    他氣得直哆嗦。／他气得直哆嗦。  ―  Tā qì de zhí duōsuō.  ―  He continuously trembled with rage.
    直直 [Hokkien]  ―  ti̍t-ti̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  continuously
  9. simply; just; only
    Synonym: 只
    簡直／简直  ―  jiǎnzhí  ―  simply; utterly
    他渾身痛得直像被人揍了一頓。 [MSC, trad.]
    他浑身痛得直像被人揍了一顿。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā húnshēn tòng dé zhí xiàng bèi rén zòu le yī dùn. [Pinyin]
    His whole body hurt just like he's taken a beating.
  10. (Hokkien) simple and frank; without scruples or misgivings (in one's temperament, speech, or actions)
  11. (Hokkien) settled; clear; brought to an end
    你這條數猶未直。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    你这条数犹未直。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí chit tiâu siàu iáu-bē ti̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This account of yours hasn't been settled yet.
  12. (Mainland China Hokkien) a simple kind of board game similar to Go
  13. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
  14. (slang) straight; heterosexual
    Antonyms: 彎 / 弯 (wān), 攣 / 挛 (Cantonese)
    順直／顺直  ―  shùnzhí  ―  cishet
  15. (historical) short for 直隸／直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”)
    直系軍閥／直系军阀  ―  Zhí xì jūnfá  ―  the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
    直皖戰爭／直皖战争  ―  Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng  ―  Zhili–Anhui War
  16. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 值 (“to be worth”)
  17. (Cantonese, slang, figurative) dead
  18. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豎 (“vertical; upright”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
Dialectal synonyms of 豎 (“a vertical stroke (㇑)”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Old Turkic: tik (“vertical, straight, straightforward”)
    • Oghuz: دیك
      • Azerbaijani: dik
      • Turkish: dik
      • Turkmen: dik
        • Turkmen: dikan (“honest, straight, direct”)

References

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Japanese

Korean

Miyako

Vietnamese

Yaeyama

Yonaguni

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