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候
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 侯
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Translingual
Han character
候 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 27234, composition ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱乛一矢)
Derived characters
- 𭏒, 𢰡, 𤠣, 𮌧, 𬑟, 𦃺, 𬫺, 𩌖, 𩺟, 𥱌, 𭏑
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 775
- Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5019
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (here in modified form where the first 丿 stroke is omitted and the second 丿 stroke is written as a 丨 stroke) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hau6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): heu5
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): hau6
- Gan (Wiktionary): heu5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hou3
- Northern Min (KCR): hē
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâiu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieo5 / hao2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gheu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: hòu
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hòu
- Wade–Giles: hou4
- Yale: hòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: how
- Palladius: хоу (xou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hou4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xou
- Sinological IPA (key): /xəu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ху (hu, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xou⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hau6
- Yale: hauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: hau6
- Guangdong Romanization: heo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐu̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: heu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /heu³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: hau6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: heu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛu¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu
- Hakka Romanization System: heu
- Hagfa Pinyim: heu4
- Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: heu˖
- Sinological IPA: /heu³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hou3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hē
- Sinological IPA (key): /xe⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɑu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hieo5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hā̤u
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hieo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieu²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hao2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: háu
- Sinological IPA (key): /hau¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hao2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hau²⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- hieo5 - literary;
- hao2 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō
- Tâi-lô: hiō
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioi
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hio⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
- Tâi-lô: hōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ho
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- hiō/hō͘ - literary;
- hāu - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: huwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːs/
Definitions
候
- to reconnoitre; to scout
- to observe; to survey
- to wait for; to await
- to respectfully await
- to visit; to send one's respects to
- to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
- to forecast; to predict (by divination)
- (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
- (historical) alternative form of 堠 (hòu, “fortress”)
- (historical) official
- (historical) posthouse; station
- (historical) pentad (ancient time unit composed of five days)
- climate; season
- omen; sign; portent
- (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
- (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
- (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)
Compounds
- 三部九候
- 不候
- 久候
- 乾燥氣候 / 干燥气候
- 佇候 (zhùhòu)
- 伺候
- 侍候 (shìhòu)
- 俟候
- 候人
- 候光
- 候問 / 候问
- 候場 / 候场
- 候審 / 候审 (hòushěn)
- 候教
- 候旨
- 候機室 / 候机室 (hòujīshì)
- 候溫 / 候温
- 候用
- 候缺
- 候脈 / 候脉 (hòumài)
- 候蟲 / 候虫
- 候補 / 候补 (hòubǔ)
- 候診 / 候诊 (hòuzhěn)
- 候診室 / 候诊室 (hòuzhěnshì)
- 候賬 / 候账
- 候車 / 候车 (hòuchē)
- 候車室 / 候车室 (hòuchēshì)
- 候選 / 候选 (hòuxuǎn)
- 候選人 / 候选人 (hòuxuǎnrén)
- 候館 / 候馆
- 候鳥 / 候鸟 (hòuniǎo)
- 候鴈
- 兆候 (zhàohòu)
- 全天候 (quántiānhòu)
- 占候
- 問候 / 问候 (wènhòu)
- 回候
- 堂候官
- 夏候鳥 / 夏候鸟
- 大氣候 / 大气候 (dàqìhòu)
- 天候 (tiānhòu)
- 失候
- 存候
- 季候 (jìhòu)
- 季風氣候 / 季风气候
- 守候 (shǒuhòu)
- 官員祇候 / 官员祇候
- 寒帶氣候 / 寒带气候
- 小時候 / 小时候
- 少候
- 徵候 / 征候 (zhēnghòu)
- 恭候 (gōnghòu)
- 成氣候 / 成气候 (chéngqìhou)
- 承顏候色 / 承颜候色
- 拜候 (bàihòu)
- 拱候
- 探候
- 摸氣候 / 摸气候
- 斥候 (chìhòu)
- 斬監候 / 斩监候
- 時候 / 时候
- 有時候 / 有时候
- 望候
- 極地氣候 / 极地气候
- 氣候 / 气候 (qìhòu)
- 氣候學 / 气候学 (qìhòuxué)
- 氣候順化 / 气候顺化
- 沙漠氣候 / 沙漠气候
- 海洋氣候 / 海洋气候
- 測候 / 测候 (cèhòu)
- 火候 (huǒhòu)
- 烽候
- 物候 (wùhòu)
- 症候 (zhènghòu)
- 病候 (bìnghòu)
- 症候群 (zhènghòuqún)
- 癥候 / 症候
- 祗候
- 祗候人
- 稍候 (shāohòu)
- 立候
- 等候 (děnghòu)
- 節候 / 节候
- 聽候 / 听候 (tīnghòu)
- 聽候官身 / 听候官身
- 聽候發落 / 听候发落
- 臺候 / 台候
- 苔原氣候 / 苔原气候
- 草原氣候 / 草原气候
- 虞候
- 覘候 / 觇候
- 診候 / 诊候
- 證候 / 证候 (zhènghòu)
- 警候
- 迎候 (yínghòu)
- 這時候 / 这时候
- 過時不候 / 过时不候
- 靜候 / 静候 (jìnghòu)
- 順候 / 顺候
- 風候 / 风候
- 風雲氣候 / 风云气候
- 高地氣候 / 高地气候
- 鵠候 / 鹄候
- 麥候 / 麦候
- 黃梅時候 / 黄梅时候
References
- “候”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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