傭

See also: 佣

傭 U+50AD, 傭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AD ← 催 [U+50AC] CJK Unified Ideographs 傮 → [U+50AE]

Translingual

Han character

傭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈中月 (OILB), four-corner 2022₇, composition ⿰亻庸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1007
• Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 214, character 6
• Unihan data for U+50AD

Chinese

trad.		傭
simp.		佣*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傭
Small seal script s05728
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Etymology

Cognate with 用 (OC *loŋs, “to use”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴ / jung²
• Gan (Wiktionary): iung⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yong
    • Wade–Giles: yung¹
    • Yale: yūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
    • Wade–Giles: yung²
    • Yale: yúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/

Note: yóng - obsolete.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: jung⁴ / jung²
    • Yale: yùhng / yúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴ / jung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴ / yung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ³⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: iung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iuŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
    • Tâi-lô: iong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	hire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
No.	15444
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
Notes	庸轉註字見莊子

Definitions

傭

1. servant; maid
2. to employ; to hire
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) salary; wages
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”)

Compounds

• 傭人 / 佣人
• 傭人領班 / 佣人领班
• 傭作 / 佣作
• 傭保 / 佣保
• 傭僕 / 佣仆
• 傭兵 / 佣兵 (yōngbīng)
• 傭婦 / 佣妇 (yōngfù)
• 傭婢 / 佣婢
• 傭工 / 佣工 (yōnggōng)
• 傭給 / 佣给
• 傭耕 / 佣耕
• 僱傭 / 雇佣 (gùyōng)
• 女傭 / 女佣 (nǚyōng)
• 家傭 / 家佣
• 幫傭 / 帮佣 (bāngyōng)
• 德潤傭書 / 德润佣书

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
    • Palladius: чун (čun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: cung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trhjowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑凶切
Baxter	trhjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
No.	15437
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蹱
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoŋ/

Definitions

傭

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) equal; even; fair; just

References

• “傭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 傭

傭

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. employ, hire

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo)
• Kan-on: よう (yō)
• On: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: やとう (yatou, 傭う)

Compounds

• 傭兵(ようへい) (yōhei): hired soldier
• 雇傭(こよう) (koyō): employment
• 試傭(しよう) (shiyō): trial employment
• 常傭(じょうよう) (jōyō): regular employment
• 被傭者(ひようしゃ) (hiyōsha): employee

Kanji in this term
傭
よう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

傭(よう) • (yō) 

1. hire; employ

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 傭 (MC yowng). Recorded as Middle Korean 요ᇰ (ywong) (Yale: yong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

傭

傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong))

1. hanja form^? of 용 (“employ; hire”)

Compounds

• 고용 (雇傭, goyong)
• 용병 (傭兵, yongbyeong)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 傭 (MC trhjowng).

Hanja

傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 총 (“even; fair”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.