勇

勇 U+52C7, 勇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C7 ← 勆 [U+52C6] CJK Unified Ideographs 勈 → [U+52C8]

勇 U+FA76, 勇 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA76 ← 冀 [U+FA75] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勺 → [U+FA77]

勇 U+2F825, 勇 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F825 ← 㔕 [U+2F824] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勉 → [U+2F826]

Translingual

Japanese	勇
Simplified	勇
Traditional	勇

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese and Korean, the character is written 龴+田+力, as found in the Kangxi dictionary. In traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Vietnamese script, the character is written 龴+用+力. In modern simplified Chinese, the character is written similar to the traditional Chinese form but the lower right hook of 用 is missing.

Han character

勇 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月大尸 (NBKS), four-corner 1742₇, composition ⿱甬力(GHTV) or ⿱龴男(JK))

Derived characters

• 㗈, 愑, 湧, 踴, 䞻

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠋀, 𱗚, 𱜀, 𢰭, 𨺳, 𪰵, 𪳆, 𭮛, 𬍺, 𧍛, 𫍃, 𮢛(𲈑), 𠁜, 𩜳, 𢧙, 𩔘, 𤸝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2360
• Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 372, character 7
• Unihan data for U+52C7

• Unihan data for U+FA76

• Unihan data for U+2F825

Chinese

trad.		勇
simp. #		勇
alternative forms		勈 恿 㦷 𢦨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *loŋʔ): phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – brave and strong.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǒng (yong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yúng

  (Hailu, HRS): rhung^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yung³

• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng³ / yoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ióng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ion

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: yung³
    • Yale: yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: jung⁵
    • Yale: yúhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yuung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhung^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /iʊŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ê̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
    • Tâi-lô: ióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ion
    • MiniDict: ion^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 勇
Mandarin	Beijing	/yŋ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/yŋ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʐuŋ¹³/ /yŋ¹³/
	Jinan	/yŋ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/yuŋ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/yŋ⁵³/
	Xining	/yə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/yŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ỹn⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/yŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ioŋ⁴²/
	Chengdu	/yoŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ioŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/ioŋ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ioŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/iŋ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/yŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ioŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ioŋ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔioŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠yɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/in³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ioŋ⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/in⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iuŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/iuŋ³¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/joŋ²³/
	Nanning	/juŋ²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/juŋ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iɔŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/œyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ioŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zoŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yowngX

Rime
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余隴切
Baxter	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋX/
Li Rong	/ioŋX/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/
English	brave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
No.	15449
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勇
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/

Definitions

勇

1. brave; courageous; valiant

   勇敢  ―  yǒnggǎn  ―  brave

   • 民勇於公戰，怯於私鬥，鄉邑大治。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     民勇于公战，怯于私斗，乡邑大治。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Mín yǒng yú gōngzhàn, qiè yú sīdòu, xiāng yì dàzhì. [Pinyin]

     The people were brave in the state's military campaigns, and fearful in private disputes; the villages and the towns were both governed well.

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) courage; bravery; valor

   • 見義不為，無勇也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     见义不为，无勇也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jiàn yì bù wéi, wú yǒng yě. [Pinyin]

     To see what is right, and not to do it, is want of courage.

   • 勇，志之所以敢也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yǒng, zhì zhī suǒyǐ gǎn yě. [Pinyin]

     Courage is that by which intent is daring.

3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soldier
4. (Hokkien) strong
5. (Hokkien) healthy
6. (Hokkien) sturdy; durable
7. a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (勇):

• → Japanese: 勇(ゆう) (yū)
• → Korean: 용(勇) (yong)
• → Vietnamese: dũng (勇)

Compounds

• 一勇之夫
• 兵勇 (bīngyǒng)
• 兵強將勇 / 兵强将勇
• 兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
• 剛勇 / 刚勇
• 勇健 (yǒngjiàn)
• 勇冠三軍 / 勇冠三军
• 勇决
• 勇力 (yǒnglì)
• 勇動多怨 / 勇动多怨
• 勇士 (yǒngshì)
• 勇壮 (yǒngzhuàng)
• 勇夫 (yǒngfū)
• 勇夫悍卒
• 勇將 / 勇将
• 勇建
• 勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
• 勇悍 (yǒnghàn)
• 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
• 勇於 / 勇于 (yǒngyú)
• 勇武 (yǒngwǔ)
• 勇毅 (yǒngyì)
• 勇氣 / 勇气 (yǒngqì)
• 勇氣百倍 / 勇气百倍 (yǒngqì bǎibèi)
• 勇決 / 勇决
• 勇烈 (yǒngliè)
• 勇猛 (yǒngměng)
• 勇猛果敢
• 勇猛求進 / 勇猛求进
• 勇猛直前
• 勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
• 勇男蠢婦 / 勇男蠢妇
• 勇略 (yǒnglüè)
• 勇者 (yǒngzhě)
• 勇者不懼 / 勇者不惧
• 勇而無謀 / 勇而无谋 (yǒng'érwúmóu)
• 勇退
• 勇退激流
• 匹夫之勇 (pǐfūzhīyǒng)
• 告奮勇 / 告奋勇
• 團勇 / 团勇
• 大勇
• 大勇若怯
• 奮勇 / 奋勇 (fènyǒng)
• 奮勇爭先 / 奋勇争先
• 奮勇當先 / 奋勇当先
• 好勇鬥狠 / 好勇斗狠 (hàoyǒngdòuhěn)
• 小怯大勇
• 忠勇
• 急流勇退 (jíliúyǒngtuì)
• 愈戰愈勇 / 愈战愈勇
• 慈故能勇
• 才勇兼優 / 才勇兼优
• 拳勇
• 散兵游勇 (sǎnbīng yóuyǒng)
• 敢勇當先 / 敢勇当先
• 智仁勇
• 智勇 (zhìyǒng)
• 智勇兼全 (zhìyǒngjiānquán)
• 智勇雙全 / 智勇双全 (zhìyǒngshuāngquán)
• 有勇無謀 / 有勇无谋 (yǒuyǒngwúmóu)
• 毅勇
• 沉勇 (chényǒng)
• 游勇
• 無拳無勇 / 无拳无勇
• 矢勤矢勇
• 神勇 (shényǒng)
• 義勇 / 义勇 (yìyǒng)
• 義勇艦隊 / 义勇舰队
• 義勇警察 / 义勇警察
• 義勇軍 / 义勇军 (yìyǒngjūn)
• 自告奮勇 / 自告奋勇 (zìgàofènyǒng)
• 英勇 (yīngyǒng)
• 英勇善戰 / 英勇善战
• 英勇無敵 / 英勇无敌
• 英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
• 血氣之勇 / 血气之勇 (xuèqìzhīyǒng)
• 見義勇為 / 见义勇为 (jiànyì-yǒngwéi)
• 謀勇兼備 / 谋勇兼备
• 賈勇 / 贾勇
• 蹻勇 / 跷勇
• 逃勇
• 鄉勇 / 乡勇 (xiāngyǒng)
• 餘勇可賈 / 余勇可贾 (yúyǒngkěgǔ)
• 驍勇 / 骁勇 (xiāoyǒng)
• 鼓勇直行

References

• “勇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–