剎

See also: 刹

剎 U+524E, 剎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524E ← 前 [U+524D] CJK Unified Ideographs 剏 → [U+524F]

Translingual

Japanese	刹
Simplified	刹
Traditional	剎

Han character

剎 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 大金中弓 (KCLN) or 大木中弓 (KDLN), four-corner 4290₀, composition ⿰⿱㐅术刂(G) or ⿰⿱㐅朮刂(HT) or ⿰𣏂刂)

Derived characters

• 䓭, 𠝨, 𤟆 (Only for Taiwan character forms as mainland China character forms contain 刹 instead)

Related characters

• 刹 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese kanji)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 140, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2012
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 342, character 5
• Unihan data for U+524E

Chinese

FWOTD – 15 September 2022

trad.		剎
simp.		刹
alternative forms		刹 𠜽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 剎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰraːd): phonetic 殺 (OC *sreːds, *sreːd) + semantic 刂.

Etymology 1

Transcription of the kṣV (क्ष) sequence in various Sanskrit words, probably via Khotanese or Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮 (kṣ /⁠*tʂ(ə), *ʈʂ(ə)⁠/) (Bailey, 1946), including:

• Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land; place of pilgrimage”) (剎多羅)
• Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa, “instant (in time)”) (剎那)
• Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣema, “residence”) (剎摩)
• Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior caste; kshatriya”) (剎怛利耶, 剎帝利, 剎利)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chà (cha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sa²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saat³ / caat³
• Eastern Min (BUC): chák
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sah⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sat
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tshaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chà
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chà
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa⁴
    • Yale: chà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sa²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sa
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saat³ / caat³
    • Yale: saat / chaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saat⁸ / tsaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sad³ / cad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sah⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sah⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
    • Tâi-lô: sat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sat̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷tshaq
    • MiniDict: tshah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tshaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剎
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂa⁵³/ ～那
	Tianjin
	Jinan
	Qingdao
	Zhengzhou
	Xi'an
	Xining
	Yinchuan
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/
	Ürümqi
	Wuhan
	Chengdu
	Guiyang
	Kunming
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/ 寶～
	Hefei
Jin	Taiyuan
	Pingyao
	Hohhot
Wu	Shanghai
	Suzhou
	Hangzhou
	Wenzhou
Hui	Shexian
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha
	Xiangtan
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou
	Nanning
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰat̚³/ /sat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)
	Shantou (Teochew)
	Haikou (Hainanese)

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhaet

Rime
Character	剎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	黠 (71)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	初鎋切
Baxter	tsrhaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰat̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰat̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caat3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剎
Reading #	1/1
No.	11015
Phonetic component	杀
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刹
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːd/
Notes	梵譯字

Definitions

剎

1. Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó).
   1. (Buddhism) land; world; place; area
   2. (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda

      古剎／古刹  ―  gǔchà  ―  old Buddhist temple

2. Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà).
   1. (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence
   2. (by extension) brief moment; short moment
      • (Can we date this quote?), “人生何處不相逢 [rénshēng héchù bù xiāngféng]”, 簡寧 (lyrics), performed by 陳慧嫻:

        你我在回望那一剎　彼此慰問境況 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
        你我在回望那一刹　彼此慰问境况 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

        nei⁵ ngo⁵ zoi⁶ wui⁴ mong⁶ naa⁵ jat¹ saat³, bei² ci² wai³ man⁶ ging² fong³ [Jyutping]

        The moment we both turned back
        Exchanged glances and checked up on each other

      • (Can we date this quote?), “飛花 [fēihuā]”, in 陳少琪 (lyrics), 飛花 [fēihuā], performed by 李克勤:

        懷念那一剎　耀眼的火花 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
        怀念那一刹　耀眼的火花 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

        waai⁴ nim⁶ naa⁵ jat¹ saat³, jiu⁶ ngaan⁵ dik¹ fo² faa¹ [Jyutping]

        Missing that instant
        The dazzling spark

See also

• (brief moment): 刻 (kè)

Compounds

• 一剎那 / 一刹那 (yīchànà)
• 上剎 / 上刹
• 佛剎 / 佛刹 (fóchà)
• 剎帝利 / 刹帝利 (chàdìlì)
• 剎摩 / 刹摩
• 剎時 / 刹时
• 剎柱 / 刹柱
• 剎海 / 刹海
• 剎那 / 刹那
• 古剎 / 古刹 (gǔchà)
• 塵剎 / 尘刹
• 寶剎 / 宝刹 (bǎochà)
• 巴剎 / 巴刹
• 梵剎 / 梵刹
• 羅剎 / 罗刹 (luóchà)
• 羅剎國 / 罗刹国
• 羅剎女 / 罗刹女
• 金剎 / 金刹

Etymology 2

From 煞 (shā), in turn from 殺／杀 (shā).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saat³ / caat³
• Jin (Wiktionary): sah⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): sák
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sah⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sat
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷saq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sha
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹
    • Yale: shā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • Palladius: ша (ša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saat³ / caat³
    • Yale: saat / chaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saat⁸ / tsaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sad³ / cad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: sah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /saʔ²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɑʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sah⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sah⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
    • Tâi-lô: sat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sat̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷saq
    • MiniDict: sah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴saq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /saʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剎
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂa⁵¹/
	Harbin	/sa⁴⁴/ ～車
	Tianjin	/sɑ²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂa²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂa⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂa²⁴/ ～車
	Xi'an	/sa²¹/
	Xining	/sa⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂa¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂa³¹/ /ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/
	Ürümqi	/sa²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sa²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sa³¹/
	Guiyang	/sa²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂa̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʂɑʔ⁵/ ～車
	Hefei	/ʂɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/saʔ²/
	Pingyao	/sʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/saʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/saʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/saʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/sa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/saʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/sɔ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/saʔ⁵/ ～車
Hakka	Meixian	/sat̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sat̚³/
	Nanning	/sat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰat̚³/ /sat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/suɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sap̚²/ /sap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sa⁵⁵/

Definitions

剎

1. to brake (a car); to stop a car

   剎車／刹车  ―  shāchē  ―  to brake a car

Compounds

• 剎車 / 刹车 (shāchē)

Japanese

Kanji

剎

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): さつ (satsu)、せち (sechi)
• Kun: はたばしら (hatabashira)、てら (tera, 剎)、くに (kuni)

Korean

Hanja

剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

剎: Hán Nôm readings: sát

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.