域

域 U+57DF, 域 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57DF ← 埞 [U+57DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 埠 → [U+57E0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

域 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土戈口一 (GIRM), four-corner 4315₀, composition ⿰土或)

Derived characters

• 𪅫, 𠑵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 230, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5158
• Dae Jaweon: page 466, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 451, character 2
• Unihan data for U+57DF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		域
alternative forms		𡌳 㽣 䧕 𢨊 㵄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 域
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
幗	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	*ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷrɯɡ): semantic 土 + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).

Etymology

國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “state”) is the k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “territory”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 國 for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): üo²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wik⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): vet⁵ / vak²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vet

  (Hailu, HRS): ved

• Jin (Wiktionary): yeh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̆
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yh⁷ / ih⁷ / oeh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ia̍k / e̍k / hia̍k / he̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yoq; ⁸yuq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: üo²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: wik⁶
    • Yale: wihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɪk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: vet⁵ / vak²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vet̚³²/, /vak̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vet
    • Hakka Romanization System: ved^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ved⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /vet̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ved
    • Sinological IPA: /vet⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: yeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yh⁷
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yʔ⁴/
  • (Nanri, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ih⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁴/
  • (Nanri, Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yoq; ⁸yuq
    • MiniDict: yoh^入; yuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhioq; ⁵hhyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioʔ¹²/, /ɦyɪʔ¹²/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: y⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 域
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹³/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y³¹²/
	Xi'an	/y⁴⁴/
	Xining	/y²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/yaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/yʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ȵy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/y²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/y²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/vet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wek̚²/
	Nanning	/wek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/wek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ik̚⁵/ /hik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/y²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hek̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwik

Rime
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	職 (135)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨逼切
Baxter	hwik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwik̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuək̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷrək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ hwik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷrək/
English	territory
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
No.	5554
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	域
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Definitions

域

1. fief
2. territory; district; region; land
3. scope; range

   定義域／定义域  ―  dìngyìyù  ―  domain

   值域  ―  zhíyù  ―  range

4. cemetery
5. residence
6. (Mainland China, mathematics) field

   Synonym: 體 / 体 — Taiwan

7. (computing) domain

   域名  ―  yùmíng  ―  domain name

8. (taxonomy) domain

Compounds

• 不分畛域 (bùfēnzhěnyù)
• 仙域
• 兆域
• 全域 (quányù)
• 全天域
• 兩河流域 / 两河流域 (Liǎnghé Liúyù)
• 區域 / 区域 (qūyù)
• 區域網路 / 区域网路 (qūyù wǎnglù)
• 區域聯防 / 区域联防
• 區域計畫 / 区域计画
• 區域變質 / 区域变质
• 地域 (dìyù)
• 地域性 (dìyùxìng)
• 地域觀念 / 地域观念
• 域中 (yùzhōng)
• 域外 (yùwài)
• 塋域 / 茔域
• 境域 (jìngyù)
• 壽域 / 寿域
• 寰域
• 封域
• 專屬海域 / 专属海域
• 日域
• 殊方異域 / 殊方异域
• 殊方絕域 / 殊方绝域
• 水域 (shuǐyù)
• 流域 (liúyù)
• 海域 (hǎiyù)
• 珠江流域
• 生活領域 / 生活领域
• 畛域 (zhěnyù)
• 異域 / 异域 (yìyù)
• 疆域 (jiāngyù)
• 管制區域 / 管制区域
• 管制空域
• 粵江流域 / 粤江流域
• 絕域 / 绝域
• 絕域殊方 / 绝域殊方
• 絕域異方 / 绝域异方
• 經濟海域 / 经济海域
• 罰球區域 / 罚球区域
• 聖域 / 圣域
• 西域 (Xīyù)
• 西域記 / 西域记
• 遐方絕域 / 遐方绝域
• 邦域
• 雪域 (xuěyù)
• 音域 (yīnyù)
• 領域 / 领域 (lǐngyù)
• 鬼域

See also

taxonomic ranksedit

• 域 (yù)
• 界 (jiè)
• 門／门 (mén)
• 綱／纲 (gāng)
• 目 (mù)
• 科 (kē)
• 屬／属 (shǔ)
• 種／种 (zhǒng)

References

• “域”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “域”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 264.