境

境 U+5883, 境 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5883 ← 墂 [U+5882] CJK Unified Ideographs 墄 → [U+5884]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

境 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿山 (GYTU), four-corner 4011₆, composition ⿰土竟)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5409
• Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 482, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5883

Chinese

simp. and trad.		境
2nd round simp.		㘫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 境
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
滰	*ɡaŋʔ
境	*kraŋʔ
竟	*kraŋs
鏡	*kraŋs
獍	*kraŋs
樈	*ɡraŋ
璄	*qraŋʔ
摬	*qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraŋʔ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

An allofam of 疆 (OC *kaŋ, “boundary”). Cognate with 竟 (OC *kraŋs, “to end”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kéng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ging²
    • Yale: gíng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cin
    • MiniDict: cin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjaengX

Rime
Character	境
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居影切
Baxter	kjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋX/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	境
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjængX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋʔ/
English	boundary
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	境
Reading #	1/1
No.	6868
Phonetic component	竟
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	警
Old Chinese	/*kraŋʔ/

Definitions

境

1. border; boundary; frontier
2. place; area; region
3. condition; situation

Compounds

• 三境
• 上境 (Shàngjìng)
• 事過境遷 / 事过境迁 (shìguòjìngqiān)
• 人境
• 人間仙境 / 人间仙境
• 仙境 (xiānjìng)
• 佛境 (fójìng)
• 佳境 (jiājìng)
• 保境息民
• 優境學 / 优境学
• 入境 (rùjìng)
• 入境問俗 / 入境问俗
• 入境問禁 / 入境问禁
• 入境簽證 / 入境签证
• 入境證 / 入境证
• 入境隨俗 / 入境随俗 (rùjìngsuísú)
• 公共環境 / 公共环境
• 出境 (chūjìng)
• 勝境 / 胜境 (shèngjìng)
• 化境 (huàjìng)
• 名山勝境 / 名山胜境
• 四境 (sìjìng)
• 困境 (kùnjìng)
• 國境 / 国境 (guójìng)
• 地理環境 / 地理环境
• 境內 / 境内 (jìngnèi)
• 境地 (jìngdì)
• 境域 (jìngyù)
• 境外直航
• 境況 / 境况 (jìngkuàng)
• 境界 (jìngjiè)
• 境遇 (jìngyù)
• 境頭 / 境头
• 壓境 / 压境 (yājìng)
• 夢境 / 梦境 (mèngjìng)
• 大環境 / 大环境 (dàhuánjìng)
• 大軍壓境 / 大军压境 (dàjūnyājìng)
• 太虛幻境 / 太虚幻境
• 奇境
• 學無止境 / 学无止境 (xuéwúzhǐjìng)
• 家境 (jiājìng)
• 實境 / 实境
• 封境
• 居住環境 / 居住环境
• 幻境 (huànjìng)
• 心境 (xīnjìng)
• 情境 (qíngjìng)
• 意境 (yìjìng)
• 慘境 / 惨境 (cǎnjìng)
• 接境
• 敵境 / 敌境
• 時過境遷 / 时过境迁 (shíguòjìngqiān)
• 晚境
• 本境
• 格於環境 / 格于环境
• 樂境 / 乐境
• 止境 (zhǐjìng)
• 永無止境 / 永无止境 (yǒngwúzhǐjìng)
• 漸入佳境 / 渐入佳境 (jiànrùjiājìng)
• 漫無止境 / 漫无止境
• 漸至佳境 / 渐至佳境
• 無人之境 / 无人之境 (wúrénzhījìng)
• 無止境 / 无止境 (wúzhǐjìng)
• 犯境
• 環境 / 环境 (huánjìng)
• 環境保護 / 环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù)
• 環境工程 / 环境工程
• 環境汙染 / 环境污染 (huánjìng wūrǎn)
• 環境科學 / 环境科学 (huánjìng kēxué)
• 環境衛生 / 环境卫生
• 環境設計 / 环境设计
• 環境醫學 / 环境医学
• 生境 (shēngjìng)
• 生態環境 / 生态环境 (shēngtài huánjìng)
• 畫境 / 画境
• 萬境歸空 / 万境归空
• 窘境 (jiǒngjìng)
• 絕境 / 绝境 (juéjìng)
• 縣境 / 县境 (xiànjìng)
• 繞境 / 绕境
• 老境 (lǎojìng)
• 苦境 (kǔjìng)
• 蔗境
• 蓬瀛仙境
• 蓬萊仙境 / 蓬莱仙境
• 處境 / 处境 (chǔjìng)
• 虛擬實境 / 虚拟实境
• 蝗蟲過境 / 蝗虫过境
• 越境 (yuèjìng)
• 身當其境 / 身当其境
• 身臨其境 / 身临其境 (shēnlínqíjìng)
• 轄境 / 辖境 (xiájìng)
• 逆境 (nìjìng)
• 過境 / 过境 (guòjìng)
• 過境稅 / 过境税
• 遞解出境 / 递解出境
• 邊境 / 边境 (biānjìng)
• 鄰境 / 邻境
• 陷入絕境 / 陷入绝境
• 險境 / 险境 (xiǎnjìng)
• 離境 / 离境 (líjìng)
• 靈境 / 灵境
• 順境 / 顺境 (shùnjìng)
• 驅逐出境 / 驱逐出境