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鏡

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 镜
鏡 U+93E1, 鏡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93E1
← 鏠
[U+93E0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鏢 →
[U+93E2]

Translingual

Han character

鏡 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition ⿰釒竟)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4250, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+93E1

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 鏡, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction *C.qraŋʔ-s by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb 映 (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”); however, Gong acknowledges that his emendation of *C.qraŋʔ-s to *s.qraŋʔ-s is incompatible with Baxter & Sagart's 2014 system, as *s.qraŋʔ-s would have become Middle Chinese *tsrjaeŋH instead of *kjaeŋH (ibid.).

Alternatively, it may be derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).

STEDT compares 鏡, 景 and 亮, among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers 鏡 to be an unrelated neologism replacing 鑑.

Pronunciation

Note: giang1* - standalone noun or head of a compound.
Note:
  • jiang4 - vernacular;
  • jin4 - literary.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

鏡

  1. (now in compounds or dialectal) mirror; reflecting glass (Classifier: 塊／块 c)
    鏡子／镜子  ―  jìngzi  ―  mirror
    銅鏡／铜镜  ―  tóngjìng  ―  bronze mirror
    穿衣鏡／穿衣镜  ―  chuānyījìng  ―  dressing mirror
  2. (physics, in compounds) lens; -scope
    稜鏡／棱镜  ―  léngjìng  ―  prism
    凸透鏡／凸透镜  ―  tūtòujìng  ―  convex lens
  3. (in compounds) spectacles; glasses
    太陽鏡／太阳镜  ―  tàiyángjìng  ―  sunglasses
    護目鏡／护目镜  ―  hùmùjìng  ―  goggles
  4. (Cantonese) short for 鏡頭／镜头 (jìngtóu, “camera lens”) (Classifier: 支 c)
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to mirror; to reflect
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to perceive; to observe clearly
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clear
  9. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鏡子 (“mirror”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鏡):
  • → Japanese: 鏡(きょう) (kyō)
  • → Korean: 경(鏡) (gyeong)
  • → Vietnamese: kính (鏡)

Others:

References

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Japanese

Korean

Okinawan

Okinoerabu

Old Japanese

Vietnamese

Yonaguni

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