居

居 U+5C45, 居 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C45 ← 屄 [U+5C44] CJK Unified Ideographs 屆 → [U+5C46]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

居 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸十口 (SJR), four-corner 7726₄, composition ⿸尸古)

Derived characters

• 𡍄, 据, 裾, 琚, 椐, 鶋, 蜛, 崌, 涺, 𤉸, 腒, 鋸, 倨, 婮, 踞, 𩤅, 剧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7663
• Dae Jaweon: page 597, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 968, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5C45

Chinese

simp. and trad.		居
alternative forms		凥 㝒 𡨢 㞐 𧿃 凥 㝒 𡨢 㞐 𧿃 𢨶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 居
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯ, *kas): semantic 尸 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jū (ju¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geoi¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gui¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kî

  (Hailu, HRS): gi^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹

• Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy¹ / gu¹ / gi¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kir / ku / ki

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ge¹ / gu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciu; ¹ke

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
    • Wade–Giles: chü¹
    • Yale: jyū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: geoi¹
    • Yale: gēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gui¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵³³/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
    • Tâi-lô: kir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
    • Tâi-lô: ku
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kw
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Penang): /ku³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
    • Tâi-lô: ki
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /ki⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /ki³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ge¹ / gu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/

Note:

• ge1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
• gu1 - Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciu; ¹ke
    • MiniDict: ciu^平; ke^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jy; ¹ke
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy⁵³/, /ke⁵³/
Note: 1ke is vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: kjo

Rime
Character	居
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九魚切
Baxter	kjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/
Wang Li	/kĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)a/, /*k(r)a-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	居	居
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū	jū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›	‹ kjoH ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)a/	/*k(r)a-s/ (based on rhyme evidence)
English	squat; stay, dwell	dwelling
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	居
Reading #	2/2
No.	4264
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	居
Old Chinese	/*kas/

Definitions

居

1. to live; to dwell; to reside
2. to occupy (a place or position); to be located at; to rank
3. to stay put; to sit down
4. to store up; to stockpile
5. to claim
6. house; residence; dwelling
7. restaurant
8. 39th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "residence" (𝌬)
9. a surname

Compounds

• 不居
• 世居 (shìjū)
• 久居 (jiǔjū)
• 介居
• 仙居 (xiānjū)
• 位居要津
• 僑居 / 侨居 (qiáojū)
• 僦居 (jiùjū)
• 儕居 / 侪居
• 內地雜居 / 内地杂居
• 六一居士
• 共居
• 分別部居 / 分别部居
• 分居 (fēnjū)
• 分財各居 / 分财各居
• 別有居心 / 别有居心
• 功成不居
• 匿居
• 卜居 (bǔjū)
• 同居 (tóngjū)
• 同居人
• 同居各爨
• 哀居 (Āijū)
• 喪居 / 丧居 (sāngjū)
• 囤積居奇 / 囤积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
• 土居
• 外僑居留 / 外侨居留
• 奇貨可居 / 奇货可居 (qíhuòkějū)
• 姘居 (pīnjū)
• 孀居 (shuāngjū)
• 安居 (ānjū)
• 安居樂業 / 安居乐业 (ānjūlèyè)
• 定居 (dìngjū)
• 客居
• 宸居
• 家居 (jiājū)
• 寄居 (jìjū)
• 寄居蟹 (jìjūxiè)
• 寓居 (yùjū)
• 寡居 (guǎjū)
• 對門而居 / 对门而居
• 尸居餘氣 / 尸居余气 (shījūyúqì)
• 尸居龍見 / 尸居龙见
• 居下訕上 / 居下讪上
• 居不重席
• 居不重茵
• 居中 (jūzhōng)
• 居中調停 / 居中调停 (jūzhōngtiáotíng)
• 居之不疑
• 居人 (jūrén)
• 居仁由義 / 居仁由义
• 居今稽古
• 居住 (jūzhù)
• 居住密度
• 居住環境 / 居住环境
• 居住自由
• 居停
• 居停主人
• 居其大半
• 居功 (jūgōng)
• 居功自傲 (jūgōngzì'ào)
• 居功自恃
• 居喪 / 居丧 (jūsāng)
• 居址
• 居士 (jūshì)
• 居士屩 / 居士𪨗
• 居多 (jūduō)
• 居大不易
• 居奇 (jūqí)
• 居孀 (jūshuāng)
• 居安思危 (jū'ānsīwēi)
• 居安慮危 / 居安虑危
• 居安資深 / 居安资深
• 居官 (jūguān)
• 居室 (jūshì)
• 居家 (jūjiā)
• 居居
• 居屋 (jūwū)
• 居常
• 居庸關 / 居庸关 (Jūyōngguān)
• 居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)
• 居心 (jūxīn)
• 居心不良 (jūxīnbùliáng)
• 居心叵測 / 居心叵测 (jūxīnpǒcè)
• 居心無愧 / 居心无愧
• 居息
• 居憂 / 居忧
• 居所 (jūsuǒ)
• 居攝 / 居摄
• 居易
• 居業 / 居业
• 居次 (jūcì)
• 居止
• 居正
• 居民 (jūmín)
• 居民樓 / 居民楼
• 居然 (jūrán)
• 居無定所 / 居无定所 (jūwúdìngsuǒ)
• 居無求安 / 居无求安
• 居留 (jūliú)
• 居留權 / 居留权 (jūliúquán)
• 居留證 / 居留证 (jūliúzhèng)
• 居積 / 居积
• 居第
• 居處 / 居处
• 居貞 / 居贞
• 居貧 / 居贫
• 居賣 / 居卖
• 居里 (jūlǐ)
• 居里夫人
• 居間 / 居间 (jūjiān)
• 居首 (jūshǒu)
• 居高
• 居高不下 (jūgāobùxià)
• 居高思危
• 居高臨下 / 居高临下 (jūgāolínxià)
• 屏居 (bǐngjū)
• 屯積居奇 / 屯积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
• 山居 (shānjū)
• 巖居穴處 / 岩居穴处
• 巖居谷飲 / 岩居谷饮
• 巢居穴處 / 巢居穴处
• 巢木居野
• 帝居
• 平居
• 幽居 (yōujū)
• 康居 (Kāngjū)
• 康居園 / 康居园 (Kāngjūyuán)
• 張居正 / 张居正
• 後來居上 / 后来居上 (hòuláijūshàng)
• 徙居 (xǐjū)
• 恥居人下 / 耻居人下
• 恥居王後 / 耻居王后
• 惡濕居下 / 恶湿居下
• 愚公之居
• 推燥居濕 / 推燥居湿
• 故居 (gùjū)
• 散居 (sǎnjū)
• 斗居 (dǒujū)
• 新居 (xīnjū)
• 旅居 (lǚjū)
• 村居野店
• 東坡居士 / 东坡居士
• 析居
• 樂業安居 / 乐业安居
• 歲月不居 / 岁月不居
• 比鄰而居 / 比邻而居
• 民居 (mínjū)
• 水上居民
• 水居
• 泰然居之
• 洞居
• 混居 (hùnjū)
• 深居九重 (shēn jū jiǔchóng)
• 深居簡出 / 深居简出 (shēnjūjiǎnchū)
• 溫居 / 温居 (wēnjū)
• 潛居 / 潜居
• 火居道士
• 煢居 / 茕居
• 煙火鄰居 / 烟火邻居
• 燕居
• 爰居
• 狼居胥山
• 獨居 / 独居 (dújū)
• 獨居監禁 / 独居监禁
• 甘居中游
• 白居易
• 移居 (yíjū)
• 穴居 (xuéjū)
• 穴居野處 / 穴居野处
• 窟居
• 窮大失居 / 穷大失居
• 端居
• 索居 (suǒjū)
• 結夏安居 / 结夏安居
• 群居 (qúnjū)
• 群居和一
• 群居穴處 / 群居穴处
• 老鄰居 / 老邻居
• 聚居 (jùjū)
• 自居 (zìjū)
• 舊居 / 旧居 (jiùjū)
• 荒居
• 蓬室居
• 蕩析離居 / 荡析离居
• 薛居正
• 蝸居 / 蜗居 (wōjū)
• 蝸居蟻垤 / 蜗居蚁垤
• 蟄居 / 蛰居 (zhéjū)
• 蠹居棋處 / 蠹居棋处
• 街坊鄰居 / 街坊邻居
• 謫居 / 谪居 (zhéjū)
• 變動不居 / 变动不居
• 起居 (qǐjū)
• 起居室 (qǐjūshì)
• 起居注
• 躍居 / 跃居 (yuèjū)
• 辭尊居卑 / 辞尊居卑
• 退居 (tuìjū)
• 退居幕後 / 退居幕后
• 送往事居
• 逸居
• 遷居 / 迁居 (qiānjū)
• 鄉居 / 乡居
• 鄰居 / 邻居 (línjū)
• 里居
• 長居 / 长居
• 閑居 / 闲居
• 閒居 / 闲居 (xiánjū)
• 限制住居
• 隱居 / 隐居 (yǐnjū)
• 集居
• 雜居 / 杂居 (zájū)
• 離群索居 / 离群索居 (líqúnsuǒjū)
• 青蓮居士 / 青莲居士
• 飲食起居 / 饮食起居 (yǐnshíqǐjū)
• 香山居士
• 鰥居 / 鳏居 (guānjū)
• 鳩居 / 鸠居
• 鳩居鵲巢 / 鸠居鹊巢 (jiūjūquècháo)
• 鶉居 / 鹑居
• 齋居蔬食 / 斋居蔬食

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gei¹
    • Yale: gēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
    • Tâi-lô: ki
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ki

Rime
Character	居
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居之切
Baxter	ki
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/kie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ/
Li Rong	/kiə/
Wang Li	/kĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ka/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	居
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›
Old Chinese	/*ka/
English	final particle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	居
Reading #	1/2
No.	4209
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	姬
Old Chinese	/*kɯ/

Definitions

居

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A modal particle.

Compounds

• 何居 (héjī)
• 居諸 / 居诸 (jīzhū)
• 日居月諸 / 日居月诸 (rìjī yuèzhū)

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kù

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jù
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
    • Wade–Giles: chü⁴
    • Yale: jyù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: geoi³
    • Yale: geui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goey³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kù
    • Tâi-lô: kù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ku²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ku¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku²¹/

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Definitions

居

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 倨 (jù, “haughty”)

   羔裘豹袪、自我人居居。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

   From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   Gāoqiú bàoqū, zì wǒ rén jūjū. [Pinyin]

   Lamb's fur and leopard's cuffs, you use us with unkindness.

References

• “居”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01084
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “居”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 140.