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墟
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
墟 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土卜心金 (GYPC) or 土卜心一 (GYPM), four-corner 41117, composition ⿰土虛)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5457
- Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 479, character 12
- Unihan data for U+589F
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰa): semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa).
Etymology
- "ruin"
- Possibly a nominal derivation, with *k- prefix, from 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) (Karlgren, 1958, Schuessler, 2007), maybe related to Mizo ko (“raised ground; bank; mound”). Perhaps not related to 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) "mound, hill" (contra Wang, 1982).
- "market"
- A Yuè (越) dialectal word, which also occurs in some Tai languages such as Yoy [script needed] (hɯA1, “market”) (Schuessler, 2007). It also occurs in some Min dialects; Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *hɯ1.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xū
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syu
- Wade–Giles: hsü1
- Yale: syū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: heoi1
- Yale: hēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoey1
- Guangdong Romanization: hêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hui1 / hui1-4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hui³³/, /hui³³⁻²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- hui1 - ruin;
- hui1-4 - market.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî
- Hakka Romanization System: hiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hi1
- Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /hy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hy1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hy⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hy⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
- Tâi-lô: hi
- Phofsit Daibuun: hy
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hir
- Tâi-lô: hir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
- Tâi-lô: hu
- Phofsit Daibuun: hw
- IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: he1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: khjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰ(r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰa/
Definitions
墟
- ruin
- 殷墟 ― Yīnxū ― Yinxu (ruins of the last capital of the Shang dynasty)
- (literary) village
- fair; market
Compounds
References
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.
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Japanese
Kanji
墟
- ruins
Readings
Compounds
- 廃墟 (haikyo): ruins, abandoned building
Usage notes
Rarely replaced by 虚 in modern usage.
Korean
Hanja
墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Hán Nôm
References
- Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation [Hội Bảo Tồn Di Sản Chữ Nôm] (since 1999), “墟”, in Nomfoundation.org (in English)
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