婦 - Wikiwand

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	婦
simp.	妇^*

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 婦, Shang ...

Historical forms of the character 婦
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
婦	*bɯʔ
帚	*pjuʔ
箒	*pjuʔ
鯞	*pjuʔ

Two possibilities:

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 帚 (OC *pjuʔ), as supported by the latest Old Chinese reconstructions; or
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 女 (“woman”) + 帚 (“broom”) – a woman with a broom.

Etymology

Compare Tibetan བག་མ (bag ma, “bride”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu⁵ / pou⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fu

(Hailu, HRS): fu^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): fu³
Northern Min (KCR): hū / bṳ̀
Eastern Min (BUC): hô / bô
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hu⁵ / bu⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hū / hǔ / pū / pǔ

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶ / bu⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶vu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: fu⁵ / pou⁵
  - Yale: fúh / póuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁵ / pou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁵ / pou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː¹³/, /pʰou̯¹³/

Note:

fu5 - literary;
pou5 - colloquial (新婦).

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /fu³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fu³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fu⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū / bṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/, /py⁴²/

Note:

hū - literary;
bṳ̀ - colloquial.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hô / bô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²⁴²/, /pou²⁴²/

Note:

hô - literary;
bô - colloquial (新婦).

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hu⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bu⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹/

Note:

hu5 - literary;
bu5 - colloquial (新婦).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū
  - Tâi-lô: hū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǔ
  - Tâi-lô: hǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pū
  - Tâi-lô: pū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǔ
  - Tâi-lô: pǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pu²²/

Note:

hū/hǔ - literary;
pū/pǔ - colloquial (新婦).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu⁶ / bu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / pŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/, /pu³⁵/

Note:

hu6 - literary;
bu6 - colloquial (新婦).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vu
  - MiniDict: vu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/

Dialectal data

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 婦
Mandarin	Beijing	/fu⁵¹/
Harbin	/fu⁴⁴/
Tianjin	/fu⁵³/
Jinan	/fu²¹/
Qingdao	/fu²¹³/
Zhengzhou	/fu²⁴/
Xi'an	/fu⁴⁴/
Xining	/fv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan	/fu¹³/
Lanzhou	/fu¹³/
Ürümqi	/fu²¹³/
Wuhan	/fu³⁵/
Chengdu	/fu¹³/
Guiyang	/fu²¹³/
Kunming	/fu²¹²/
Nanjing	/fu⁴⁴/
Hefei	/fu⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fu⁴⁵/
Pingyao	/xu³⁵/
Hohhot	/fu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/vu²³/
Suzhou	/vu³¹/
Hangzhou	/vu¹³/
Wenzhou	/vøy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/fu²²/ /fu³⁵/
Tunxi	/fu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan	/ɸu²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/fu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/fu⁵³/
Taoyuan	/fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fu²³/
Nanning	/fu²⁴/ /pʰu²⁴/
Hong Kong	/fu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hu²²/ /pu²²/ 新～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hou²⁴²/ /pou²⁴²/ 新～
Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xu⁴⁴/ /py⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew)	/hu³⁵/ /pu³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese)	/fu³³/ /ʔbu³³/ 新～

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	婦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房久切
Baxter	bjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/biu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw^X/
Li Rong	/biu^X/
Wang Li	/bĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə.bəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯʔ/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	婦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/mə.bəʔ/ (or tsə.-? see Min)
English	woman, wife
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	婦
Reading #	1/1
No.	17550
Phonetic component	帚
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	婦
Old Chinese	/*bɯʔ/

Definitions

婦

married woman
少婦／少妇 ― shàofù ― young married woman
woman
婦孺／妇孺 ― fùrú ― women and children
- 婦無公事、休其蠶織。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  妇无公事、休其蚕织。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fù wú gōngshì, xiū qí cánzhī. [Pinyin]
  So a woman, who has nothing to do with public affairs, leaves her silk-worms and weaving.
- 無自廣以狹人，匹夫匹婦，不獲自盡，民主罔與成厥功。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  无自广以狭人，匹夫匹妇，不获自尽，民主罔与成厥功。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Forged Old Text of the Book of Documents, circa 3^rd – 4^th century CE
  Wú zì guǎng yǐ xiá rén, pǐfū pǐfù, bù huò zì jǐn, mínzhǔ wǎng yǔ chéng jué gōng. [Pinyin]
  Do not think yourself so large as to deem others small. If ordinary men and women do not find the opportunity to give full development to their ability, the people's lord will be without the proper aids to complete his merit.'
wife
夫婦／夫妇 ― fūfù ― husband and wife
- 使君自有婦，羅敷自有夫！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  使君自有妇，罗敷自有夫！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 陌上桑 (日出東南隅行) "Ballad about Sunrise at the southeast corner", included in New Songs from the Jade Terrace (玉臺新詠) [circa 6th century]. Translated by Anne Birrell
  Shǐjūn zì yǒu fù, Luó Fū zì yǒu fū! [Pinyin]
  You have your own wife, Prefect, Luofu has her own husband!

Compounds

三婆二婦 / 三婆二妇
不守婦道 / 不守妇道
世婦 / 世妇 (shìfù)
主婦 / 主妇 (zhǔfù)
佳兒佳婦 / 佳儿佳妇
使君有婦 / 使君有妇
偎妻靠婦 / 偎妻靠妇
健婦 / 健妇
僕婦 / 仆妇
兒媳婦兒 / 儿媳妇儿
兩婦三妻 / 两妇三妻
再作馮婦 / 再作冯妇 (zàizuòféngfù)
冢婦 / 冢妇
出婦 / 出妇
勇男蠢婦 / 勇男蠢妇
匹夫匹婦 / 匹夫匹妇
匹婦 / 匹妇
又作馮婦 / 又作冯妇
命婦 / 命妇
哲婦 / 哲妇
單夫隻婦 / 单夫只妇
外婦 / 外妇
大婦 / 大妇
大婦小妻 / 大妇小妻
大媳婦 / 大媳妇
夫倡婦隨 / 夫倡妇随
夫唱婦隨 / 夫唱妇随 (fūchàngfùsuí)
夫婦 / 夫妇 (fūfù)
夫婦合璧 / 夫妇合璧
夫婦和 / 夫妇和
夫婦好合 / 夫妇好合
天婦羅 / 天妇罗 (tiānfùluó)
夫婦齊眉 / 夫妇齐眉
妒婦 / 妒妇
妊婦 / 妊妇 (rènfù)
妾婦 / 妾妇
姒婦 / 姒妇
姦夫淫婦 / 奸夫淫妇
姪婦 / 侄妇 (zhífù)
娣婦 / 娣妇
婦主中饋 / 妇主中馈
婦人 / 妇人 (fùrén)
婦人之仁 / 妇人之仁 (fùrénzhīrén)
婦人人 / 妇人人 (Min Nan)
婦人家 / 妇人家 (fùrénjia)
婦人生鬚 / 妇人生须
婦人長舌 / 妇人长舌
婦兄 / 妇兄 (fùxiōng)
婦功 / 妇功
婦奪夫權 / 妇夺夫权
婦女 / 妇女 (fùnǚ)
婦女團體 / 妇女团体
婦女會 / 妇女会
婦女病 / 妇女病 (fùnǚbìng)
婦女節 / 妇女节 (Fùnǚjié)
婦女運動 / 妇女运动
婦姑 / 妇姑
婦姑勃谿 / 妇姑勃谿
娼婦 / 娼妇 (chāngfù)
娶媳婦 / 娶媳妇
婦子 / 妇子
婦學 / 妇学
婦孺 / 妇孺 (fùrú)
婦孺皆知 / 妇孺皆知 (fùrújiēzhī)
婦家 / 妇家
婦容 / 妇容
婦寺 / 妇寺 (fùsì)
婦幼 / 妇幼 (fùyòu)
婦弟 / 妇弟 (fùdì)
婦德 / 妇德
婦援會 / 妇援会
婦產科 / 妇产科 (fùchǎnkē)
婦男 / 妇男
婦科 / 妇科 (fùkē)
婦聯會 / 妇联会
婦職 / 妇职
婦言 / 妇言
婦道 / 妇道 (fùdào)
婦道人家 / 妇道人家
婦道家 / 妇道家
媳婦 / 媳妇
媳婦兒 / 媳妇儿
嫠婦 / 嫠妇 (lífù)
嬪婦 / 嫔妇
孀婦 / 孀妇 (shuāngfù)
子婦 / 子妇
孕婦 / 孕妇 (yùnfù)
孤兒寡婦 / 孤儿寡妇
孫新婦 / 孙新妇 (Min Nan)
宗婦 / 宗妇
家庭主婦 / 家庭主妇 (jiātíng zhǔfù)
家庭婦女 / 家庭妇女 (jiātíng fùnǚ)
家庭婦男 / 家庭妇男
寡婦 / 寡妇
小婦 / 小妇
小婦人 / 小妇人
小媳婦 / 小媳妇
少女嫩婦 / 少女嫩妇 (shàonǚ nènfù)
少婦 / 少妇 (shàofù)
巧婦 / 巧妇
巴寡婦清 / 巴寡妇清
庶婦 / 庶妇
弟婦 / 弟妇 (dìfù)
弟婦仔 / 弟妇仔 (Min Nan)
弟媳婦 / 弟媳妇 (dìxífù)
思婦 / 思妇
悍婦 / 悍妇 (hànfù)
惡婦 / 恶妇
情婦 / 情妇 (qíngfù)
愚夫愚婦 / 愚夫愚妇
慰安婦 / 慰安妇 (wèi'ānfù)
懶婦 / 懒妇
撾婦翁 / 挝妇翁
新婦 / 新妇 (xīnfù)
新婦仔 / 新妇仔 (Min Nan)
新媳婦兒 / 新媳妇儿
有夫之婦 / 有夫之妇 (yǒufūzhīfù)
本婦 / 本妇
村婦 / 村妇
桑新婦 / 桑新妇
棄婦 / 弃妇 (qìfù)
樂婦 / 乐妇
毛腳媳婦 / 毛脚媳妇
河伯娶婦 / 河伯娶妇
淫婦 / 淫妇 (yínfù)
潔婦 / 洁妇
潑婦 / 泼妇 (pōfù)
烈婦 / 烈妇
爨婦 / 爨妇
牽絲娶婦 / 牵丝娶妇
產婦 / 产妇 (chǎnfù)
盧家少婦 / 卢家少妇
看護婦 / 看护妇 (Min Nan)
石婦 / 石妇
節婦 / 节妇
節婦坊 / 节妇坊
篣婦公 / 篣妇公
索婦 / 索妇
絲婦 / 丝妇
義夫節婦 / 义夫节妇
老婦 / 老妇 (lǎofù)
老婦人 / 老妇人 (lǎofùrén)
老媳婦 / 老媳妇
職業婦女 / 职业妇女
良家婦女 / 良家妇女
荊婦 / 荆妇
荀粲熨婦 / 荀粲熨妇
蕩婦 / 荡妇 (dàngfù)
謀及婦人 / 谋及妇人
貞夫烈婦 / 贞夫烈妇
貞婦 / 贞妇 (zhēnfù)
貴婦 / 贵妇 (guìfù)
農婦 / 农妇
醇酒婦人 / 醇酒妇人
醜婦 / 丑妇
重作馮婦 / 重作冯妇
長舌婦 / 长舌妇 (chángshéfù)
養媳婦 / 养媳妇
馮婦 / 冯妇
高齡產婦 / 高龄产妇
黑寡婦 / 黑寡妇
鼠婦 / 鼠妇 (shǔfù)

Descendants

→? Proto-Vietic: *-bəːʔ
- Viet-Muong:
  - Muong: bợ, vợ
  - Middle Vietnamese: 𡞕 (ꞗợ), 𡢼 (ꞗợ)
    - Vietnamese: vợ

References

“婦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

婦

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

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Vietnamese

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