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有

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 肴, 右, and 🈶
有 U+6709, 有
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6709
← 月
[U+6708] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朊 →
[U+670A]
Thumb
㊒ U+3292, ㊒
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH HAVE
← ㊑
[U+3291] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊓ →
[U+3293]
More information Text style, Emoji style ...
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Translingual

More information Stroke order (Japan) ...
More information Stroke order (Chinese) ...
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Han character

有 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大月 (KB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿸𠂇月)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𰉦, 𭠥, 𦛒, 𭁬, 𬑐, 𥑿, 𮁰, 𫋸, 𫪫, 𬘠, 𬣩, 𫎋, 𨚼, 𣎏, 𫗏, 𡡭, 𩣋, 𬳼, 𫚸, 𪧰, 𪘃
  • 𭯴, 𰗈, 𮰌, 𣍳, 𱢺, 𣎉, 𧠶, 𨚺, 𪱤, 𩲾, 𢒰, 𲍳, 𣎥, 𬂑, 𰗏, 𣎬, 𫜲, 𪱰
  • 𠖅, 𡭮, 𭥯, 𣥯, 𱐴, 𫪩, 𩭀, 𪚞, 𢈓, 𧆴, 𭂱, 𨴜, 𩰑, 𬡑, 𨎼
  • 𪳊, 𫞎, 𤐟, 𧍂, 𩼮, 𭎽, 𡓉, 𪭂, 𤙼

Usage notes

Despite the technically-correct radical being ⺼ (“meat”) as described in this entry’s glyph origin section, 有 is associated with the radical 月 (“moon”) in dictionaries for historical reasons and is likewise written as if it contained the 月 radical, i.e. it has 二 instead of 冫 inside of 冂.

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14332
  • Dae Jaweon: page 880, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2041, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6709
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 有, Shang ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). The hand shape has been abstracted to 𠂇; compare 右, where 又 has also taken this shape. The 肉 in turn has taken the form of ⺼.

The character may have been the original form of 侑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to urge to eat”). Alternatively, it may be the original form of 醢 (OC *qʰɯːʔ, “minced pickled meat”), which also has the 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs) element as phonetic.

Folk etymology traditionally explains it as a hand holding meat, hence “in possession of”. However, the oracle bone script shows no meat.

Shuowen Jiezi and other ancient sources have erroneously analyzed the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs) + semantic 月 (“moon”). Shuowen Jiezi defines 有 as "不宜有也" ("[to have something that] not should be had"), citing the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋傳): "日月有食之" ("There are solar and lunar eclipses"). As eclipses were not auspicious to the Chinese, they were "something that should not be happening". The 月 component alludes to the inauspicious lunar eclipse.

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan ཡོད (yod, “to be; to have”). Related to:

  • 侑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to offer, to sacrifice”) [causative, i.e. “to cause to have”]
  • 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) [adverbial]
  • 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some; or”) [indefinite]

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ô - vernacular;
  • īu - literary.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

有

  1. to have; to possess (when a subject is present)
    我有兩輛車。／我有两辆车。  ―  Wǒ yǒu liǎng liàng chē.  ―  I have two cars.
    大象有著長長的鼻子。 [MSC, trad.]
    大象有着长长的鼻子。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dàxiàng yǒuzhe chángcháng de bízi. [Pinyin]
    Elephants have long trunks.
  2. there is; to exist (when a subject is absent)
    有很多人。  ―  Yǒu hěn duō rén.  ―  There are a lot of people.
    這兒有書嗎？／这儿有书吗？  ―  Zhèr yǒu shū ma?  ―  Are there any books here?
    這裡有著清新的空氣。 [MSC, trad.]
    这里有着清新的空气。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèlǐ yǒuzhe qīngxīn de kōngqì. [Pinyin]
    There is fresh air here.
    「陳小明同學！」「有！」 [MSC, trad.]
    「陈小明同学！」「有！」 [MSC, simp.]
    “Chén Xiǎomíng tóngxué!” “Yǒu!” [Pinyin]
    "Is John Doe here?" "Present!" (scene of taking roll at a classroom)
  3. (to certain extent)
    這條繩子有兩米長。 [MSC, trad.]
    这条绳子有两米长。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè tiáo shéngzǐ yǒu liǎng mǐ cháng. [Pinyin]
    This rope is two meters long.
    有這麼貴嗎？／有这么贵吗？  ―  Yǒu zhème guì ma?  ―  Is it really that expensive?
  4. (euphemistic) to be pregnant with a child
  5. abundant; affluent
  6. many; much; (of time) long; (of age) old
  7. some (indefinite pronoun)
  8. (literary or dialectal) Placed before a verb to emphasize that the action has been done.
    古語有云／古语有云 [Classical Chinese]  ―  gǔyǔ yǒu yún [Pinyin]  ―  as the saying goes (literally, “the old saying has said”)
    伊拄才有出來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊拄才有出来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I tú-chiah ū chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He did come just now.
    我有去過海洋公園。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我有去过海洋公园。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 jau5 heoi3 gwo3 hoi2 joeng4 gung1 jyun4-2. [Jyutping]
    I have been to Ocean Park.
    我有看見過他。／我有看见过他。  ―  Wǒ yǒu kànjiàn guò tā.  ―  I have seen him.
  9. a surname
    有子  ―  Yǒuzǐ  ―  Philosopher You
  10. A meaningless prefix.
    有夏  ―  yǒuxià  ―  China
  11. (Hokkien, Teochew) Particle used after a verb to indicate accomplishment or accomplishability of a goal.
    聽有／听有 [Hokkien]  ―  thiaⁿ ū [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to understand (when listening); to be able to hear
    揣有 [Teochew]  ―  cuê7 u6 [Peng'im]  ―  to be able to find
Usage notes
  • In Mandarin, 有 is the only verb not negated with 不 (bù). It is negated with 沒／没 (méi).
    我沒有錢／我没有钱  ―  wǒ méiyǒu qián  ―  I don't have any money
Synonyms
  • (to exist):
  • (particle used after a verb to indicate accomplishment):
Dialectal synonyms of 得到 (“can (particle)”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “to have”): 沒／没 (méi), 無／无 (wú)

Descendants

  • → English: got (Singapore English) (semantic loan)
  • → Betawi: ada (semantic loan)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (有):

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

有

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)

References

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Japanese

Korean

Kunigami

Miyako

Okinawan

Vietnamese

Yaeyama

Yonaguni

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