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U+7121, 無
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7121

[U+7120]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7122]

Translingual

More information Stroke order (cursive) ...

Han character

(Kangxi radical 86, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿火 (OTF), four-corner 80331, composition ⿱⿳𠂉)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 673, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19113
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1081, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2211, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7121
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Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 無, Shang ...

Pictogram (象形). A person dancing with ox tails held in both hands to pray for rain.

This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character () is used for the original sense.

Etymology 1

More information trad., simp. ...
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • Mò̤ (Eastern Min)

Core Sino–Tibetan. From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (no, not); cognate with Tibetan མ་ (ma, not) and Burmese (ma., not).

Cognate with:

  • (OC *mɯl, “not, no”)
  • (OC *ma, “do not”)
  • (OC *mɯd, “not, don't”)
  • (OC *mɯds, “not yet, haven't”)
  • (OC *mralʔ, “not, no”)
  • (OC *maŋ, “not have; to flee, to disappear, to die”)
  • (OC *mɯːd, “to end, to disappear, to drown”)
  • (OC *maːɡ, “none, nobody, nothing; do not; can not”)

Attested profusely in Classical Chinese, this word is the prototypical negation particle in the *m- series of Chinese negatives. In the oracle bone script, however, is not frequently used, and its homophone (or near-homophone) (OC *ma) is used instead.

See (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) for more on negative particles in Old Chinese.

Perhaps related to (OC *ma, “shaman, wizard, magician, sorcerer, witch”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Sixian:
    • mò - colloquial;
    • vù - literary.
  • Hailu:
    • mo - colloquial;
    • vu - literary.
  • Meixian:
    • mo2 - colloquial;
    • vu2 - literary.
  • Changting:
    • mao2 - colloquial;
    • vu2 - literary.

More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

  1. (literary or Hakka, Min) to not have something; there is not ...
    天空天空   Tiānkōng yún.   There is no cloud in the sky.
    零星錢 [Hokkien, trad.]
    零星钱 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa lân-san-chîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I don't have any change.
  2. (literary or Min) Negation particle preceding verbs and adjectives. not
          can't
       qiú yú nǐ.   I want nothing from you.
  3. (literary or Min) have not
    [Hokkien, trad.]
    [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa kā i kóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I didn't tell him.
  4. (literary or Hakka, Min) Interrogative particle.
  5. (Hakka, Min) if not; otherwise (placed at the start of a sentence)
  6. (Hokkien, Teochew) Particle used after a verb to indicate that a goal has not or cannot been accomplished.
    [Hokkien]   khòaⁿ- [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   to not understand (when reading or viewing); to be unable to see
    只個字典 [Teochew, trad.]
    只个字典 [Teochew, simp.]
    zi2 gai7 ri7 do6 ri7 diêng2 cuê7 bho5. [Peng'im]
    You can't find this word in the dictionary.
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) regardless of; no matter whether
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nothing; nil
    到有到有   cóng dào yǒu   start from nothing, from scratch
  9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of (, do not)
  10. without; -less; un-
       qíng   heartless
          unreasonable
       biān   unlimited
Synonyms
See also
  • (interrogative particle) (wèi), (ma), (fǒu)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (mu); () (bu)
  • Korean: 무(無) (mu)
  • Vietnamese: ()
  • Peranakan Indonesian: bo

Etymology 2

More information trad., simp. ...

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. only used in 南無南无 (nāmó)

Compounds

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to not have; to not exist; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Further reading

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Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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