廓

廓 U+5ED3, 廓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5ED3 ← 廒 [U+5ED2] CJK Unified Ideographs 廔 → [U+5ED4]

廓 U+FA0B, 廓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0B ← 見 [U+FA0A] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 兀 → [U+FA0C]

Translingual

Han character

廓 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈卜木中 (IYDL), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广郭)

Derived characters

• 𮟜, 𱳒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 350, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9461
• Dae Jaweon: page 661, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 895, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5ED3

• Unihan data for U+FA0B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		廓
alternative forms		𢌓 𢋽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (郭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
郭	*kʷaːɡ
埻	*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
崞	*kʷaːɡ
椁	*kʷaːɡ
槨	*kʷaːɡ
噋	*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
廓	*kʰʷaːɡ
鞹	*kʰʷaːɡ
漷	*kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ
霩	*qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ): semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuò (kuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwok³ / gwok³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok
• Eastern Min (BUC): guóh
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khok / koh

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
    • Yale: kwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
    • Palladius: ко (ko)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwok³ / gwok³
    • Yale: kwok / gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwok⁸ / gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuog³ / guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːk̚³/, /kʷɔːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
    • Hakka Romanization System: kog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guóh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɔʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khok
    • Tâi-lô: khok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
    • Tâi-lô: koh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /koʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/

Note:

• khok - literary;
• koh - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: khwak

Rime
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦郭切
Baxter	khwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuò
Middle Chinese	‹ khwak ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰˁak/
English	widen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
No.	4758
Phonetic component	郭
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	廓
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷaːɡ/

Definitions

廓

1. broad; wide; open; empty
2. (literary) to expand; to widen
3. (literary) to clear away; to eliminate
4. outline; contour

   輪廓／轮廓  ―  lúnkuò  ―  outline

5. 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)

Compounds

• 寥廓 (liáokuò)
• 廓土
• 廓填
• 廓廓
• 廓清 (kuòqīng)
• 廓爾喀人 / 廓尔喀人
• 廓落
• 恢廓
• 恢廓大度
• 摧陷廓清
• 空廓 (kōngkuò)
• 膚廓 / 肤廓
• 輪廓 / 轮廓 (lúnkuò)
• 雙鉤廓填 / 双钩廓填

References

• “廓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 廓

廓

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: かく (kaku)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku)
• Kun: とりで (toride)、くるわ (kuruwa, 廓)

Compounds

• 外廓
• 廓大
• 輪廓

Etymology

Kanji in this term
廓
くるわ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 廓 – see the following entry.

【くるわ】 [noun] [from late 1500s] a palisade, wall, moat, natural waterway, or other structure used to divide a specific area from its surroundings, such as a castle or fort [noun] [probably from early 1600s] the area so bounded by such a structure [noun] [from 1678] a red-light district, specifically one that is divided from the rest of the town by means of a wall or fence or similar structure [noun] [from 1698] (poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line Alternative spellings 曲輪, 郭

(This term, 廓, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 廓 (MC khwak).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

廓

廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak))

1. hanja form^? of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”)

   Synonym: 郭 (곽 (gwak))

Compounds

• 내곽 (內郭/內廓, naegwak, “interior”)
• 성곽 (城郭/城廓, seonggwak, “castle walls”)
• 외곽 (外郭/外廓, oegwak, “outskirt”)
• 유곽 (遊廓, yugwak, “brothel; whorehouse”)
• 윤곽 (輪廓, yun'gwak, “outline; overview”)
• 흉곽 (胸廓, hyunggwak, “thorax”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak))

1. hanja form^? of 확 (“wide; broad; large”)

   Synonym: 廣 (광 (gwang))

2. hanja form^? of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”)

   Synonym: 擴 (확 (hwak))

Compounds

• 확대 (廓大, hwakdae, “expansion”)
• 확락 (廓落, hwangnak)
• 확연 (廓然, hwagyeon, “being large and empty”)
• 확청 (廓淸, hwakcheong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

廓: Hán Nôm readings: quách

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