構

See also: 构 and 横

構 U+69CB, 構 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69CB ← 槊 [U+69CA] CJK Unified Ideographs 槌 → [U+69CC]

Translingual

Han character

構 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿廿月 (DTTB), four-corner 4594₇, composition ⿰木冓)

Derived characters

• 𡒫, 𥵡

Descendants

• 构 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 546, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15317
• Dae Jaweon: page 933, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1259, character 7
• Unihan data for U+69CB

Chinese

trad.		構/搆*
simp.		构*
alternative forms		构 遘 “to form”
搆 – not used for “paper mulberry”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
溝	*koː
篝	*koː
鞲	*koː
韝	*koː, *kʰoː
褠	*koː
冓	*koː, *koːs
構	*koːs
購	*koːs
媾	*koːs
覯	*koːs
遘	*koːs, *koːs
煹	*koːs
搆	*koːs
講	*kroːŋʔ
耩	*kroːŋʔ
傋	*kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ
斠	*kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³ / gau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiêu / kieu
• Eastern Min (BUC): gáiu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiò / kò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gou³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵keu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
    • Wade–Giles: kou⁴
    • Yale: gòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
    • Palladius: гоу (gou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kau³ / gau³
    • Yale: kau / gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³ / gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³ / geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu / kieu
    • Hakka Romanization System: gieu^ˊ / gieu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gieu¹ / gieu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/, /ki̯eu̯⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
    • Tâi-lô: kiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kox
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gou³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵keu
    • MiniDict: keu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²keu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kuwH

Rime
Character	構
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古候切
Baxter	kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwH/
Li Rong	/kuH/
Wang Li	/kəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	構
Reading #	1/1
No.	4191
Phonetic component	冓
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遘
Old Chinese	/*koːs/

Definitions

構

1. to form; to build
2. to fabricate; to make up
3. frame; structure; building
4. paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)

   Synonyms: 楮 (chǔ), 榖 (gǔ)

Compounds

• 主從架構 / 主从架构
• 人口結構 / 人口结构 (rénkǒu jiégòu)
• 佳構劇 / 佳构剧
• 儲油構造 / 储油构造
• 分子結構 / 分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu)
• 向壁虛構 / 向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu)
• 堂構 / 堂构
• 堂構更新 / 堂构更新
• 宏構 / 宏构
• 宿構 / 宿构
• 嵌版構造 / 嵌版构造
• 建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu)
• 慈善機構 / 慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
• 憑虛構象 / 凭虚构象
• 板塊構造 / 板块构造 (bǎnkuài gòuzào)
• 架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
• 構件 / 构件 (gòujiàn)
• 構兵 / 构兵 (gòubīng)
• 構圖 / 构图 (gòutú)
• 構型 / 构型 (gòuxíng)
• 構工 / 构工
• 構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn)
• 構形 / 构形 (gòuxíng)
• 構思 / 构思 (gòusī)
• 構怨 / 构怨 (gòuyuàn)
• 構怨連兵 / 构怨连兵
• 構想 / 构想 (gòuxiǎng)
• 構成 / 构成 (gòuchéng)
• 構成主義 / 构成主义 (gòuchéng zhǔyì)
• 構擬 / 构拟 (gòunǐ)
• 構會 / 构会
• 構架 / 构架 (gòujià)
• 構築 / 构筑 (gòuzhù)
• 構築物 / 构筑物 (gòuzhùwù)
• 構精 / 构精
• 構訟不息 / 构讼不息
• 構詞惑眾 / 构词惑众
• 構詞法 / 构词法
• 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
• 構造單元 / 构造单元
• 構造地震 / 构造地震
• 構造運動 / 构造运动
• 構釁 / 构衅
• 構陷 / 构陷 (gòuxiàn)
• 機構 / 机构 (jīgòu)
• 權力結構 / 权力结构 (quánlì jiégòu)
• 民意機構 / 民意机构
• 生態結構 / 生态结构 (shēngtài jiégòu)
• 生產結構 / 生产结构 (shēngchǎn jiégòu)
• 異構 / 异构 (yìgòu)
• 秦王構石 / 秦王构石
• 結構 / 结构 (jiégòu)
• 結構主義 / 结构主义 (jiégòuzhǔyì)
• 締構 / 缔构
• 肯堂肯構 / 肯堂肯构
• 肯構肯堂 / 肯构肯堂
• 虛構 / 虚构 (xūgòu)
• 解構 / 解构 (jiěgòu)
• 讒構 / 谗构

Descendants

• → Thai: ก่อ (gɔ̀ɔ)