炕

炕 U+7095, 炕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7095 ← 炔 [U+7094] CJK Unified Ideographs 炖 → [U+7096]

Translingual

Han character

炕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火卜竹弓 (FYHN), four-corner 9081₇, composition ⿰火亢)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18918
• Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7095

Chinese

trad.		炕
simp. #		炕
alternative forms		匟 “brick bed stove”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笐	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢	*kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟	*kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	*kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯	*kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕	*kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Etymology 1

Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kong³ / hong³
• Jin (Wiktionary): kon³
• Eastern Min (BUC): káung
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khòng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
    • Yale: kàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kong³ / hong³
    • Yale: kong / hong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kong³ / hong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kong³ / hong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/, /hɔːŋ³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kon³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: korng⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
    • Tâi-lô: khòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹khaon
    • MiniDict: khaon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khangH

Rime
Character	炕
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦浪切
Baxter	khangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋH/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋH/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炕
Reading #	1/2
No.	7366
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	抗
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːŋs/

Definitions

炕

1. kang; heatable brick bed
2. (dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast
3. alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”)

Descendants

• → English: kang

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hāng (hang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hang
    • Wade–Giles: hang¹
    • Yale: hāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hang
    • Palladius: хан (xan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xang

Rime
Character	炕
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼郎切
Baxter	xang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haŋ/
Li Rong	/xɑŋ/
Wang Li	/xɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	炕
Reading #	2/2
No.	7376
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	炕
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːŋ/

Definitions

炕

1. (obsolete) to open

Compounds

• 光炕蓆兒 / 光炕席儿
• 出火炕
• 土炕
• 地炕
• 套炕子
• 尿炕 (niàokàng)
• 暖炕
• 火炕 (huǒkàng)
• 炕上地下
• 炕上安鍋 / 炕上安锅
• 炕床
• 炕房
• 炕暴
• 炕桌兒 / 炕桌儿
• 炕洞
• 炕爐子 / 炕炉子
• 炕牀
• 炕琴桌兒 / 炕琴桌儿
• 炕肉飯 / 炕肉饭
• 炕陽 / 炕阳
• 炕面磚 / 炕面砖
• 炕頭子貨 / 炕头子货
• 落炕
• 護炕 / 护炕
• 鋪炕 / 铺炕
• 響炕 / 响炕

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “炕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 121.

Japanese

Kanji

炕

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. the brick-bed in northern China

Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)
• Kun: あぶる (aburu, 炕る)

Korean

Hanja

炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. hypocaust
2. hypocaust floor

Synonyms

• (obsolete) 구돌 (gudol)
• 구들 (gudeul) (literally "fired or heated stone")
• 온돌 (溫突, ondol) (literally "warm stone")
• 바닥난방 (바닥煖房, badangnanbang): underfloor heating

Vietnamese

Han character

炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng

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