燉

See also: 炖

燉 U+71C9, 燉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C9 ← 燈 [U+71C8] CJK Unified Ideographs 燊 → [U+71CA]

Translingual

Han character

燉 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火卜木大 (FYDK), four-corner 9884₀, composition ⿰火敦)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19403
• Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2236, character 6
• Unihan data for U+71C9

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
弴	*tjuː, *tuːn
敦	*tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns
錞	*duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun
憝	*duːls
憞	*duːls
譈	*duːls
鐓	*duːls
鷻	*doːn
鶉	*doːn, *djun
惇	*tuːn, *tjun
墩	*tuːn
驐	*tuːn
燉	*tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn
焞	*tʰuːn, *djun
啍	*tʰuːn, *duːn
暾	*tʰuːn
噋	*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
諄	*tjun, *tjuns
埻	*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕	*tjuns
醇	*djun
淳	*djun
犉	*njun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn): semantic 火 + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns).

Etymology 1

trad.		燉/炖*
simp.		炖*
2nd round simp.		炖
See notes below

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dùn (dun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): den⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dan⁶ / deon⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): un⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûn
• Eastern Min (BUC): dông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong⁵ / duong⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tūn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dung⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ten

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
    • Wade–Giles: tun⁴
    • Yale: dwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
    • Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: den⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: den
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tən²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dan⁶ / deon⁶
    • Yale: dahn / deuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dan⁶ / doen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: den⁶ / dên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐn²²/, /tɵn²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: un⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /un³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: dun^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tun²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dong⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: deōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: duong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūn
    • Tâi-lô: tūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tun²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tun³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dung⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ten
    • MiniDict: ten^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ten
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tən³⁴/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燉
Reading #	1/3
No.	2603
Phonetic component	敦
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	頓
Old Chinese	/*tuːns/

Definitions

燉

1. to stew
2. to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water

Usage notes

炖 was included as the simplified form of 燉 in the second round of simplification in 1977. The current standard in Mainland China, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters (通用规范汉字表), does not mention that 炖 is a simplification of 燉. A Dictionary of Current Chinese (现代汉语词典) includes 燉 as a variant form of 炖.

Compounds

• 慢燉鍋 / 慢炖锅 (màndùnguō)
• 清燉 / 清炖 (qīngdùn)
• 燉冬菇 / 炖冬菇
• 燉煮 / 炖煮
• 燉肉 / 炖肉 (dùnròu)
• 燉菜 / 炖菜 (dùncài)
• 燉補 / 炖补 (dùnbǔ)
• 燉鍋 / 炖锅 (dùnguō)

See also

• 燴／烩 (huì)
• 扒 (pá)
• 蒸 (zhēng)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		燉

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tún, dūn (tun², dun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ, ㄉㄨㄣ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tún
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tún
    • Wade–Giles: tʻun²
    • Yale: twún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
    • Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dun
    • Wade–Giles: tun¹
    • Yale: dwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
    • Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: thwon, dwon

Rime
Character	燉	燉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他昆切	徒渾切
Baxter	thwon	dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuon/	/duon/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwən/	/dwən/
Li Rong	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Wang Li	/tʰuən/	/duən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuən/	/dʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tūn	tún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teon1	teon4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːn/, /*duːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燉	燉
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	2607	2610
Phonetic component	敦	敦
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	暾	屯
Old Chinese	/*tʰuːn/	/*duːn/

Definitions

燉

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) flaming; blazing

Compounds

• 燉煌 (Dūnhuáng)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 燉 – see 暾 (“new-risen sun; morning sun; sun above the horizon”). (This character is a variant form of 暾).

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “炖”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

Japanese

Kanji

燉

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): とん (ton)
• Kun: あきらか (akiraka)

Korean

Hanja

燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)

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Vietnamese

Han character

燉: Hán Nôm readings: đôn, đốn, đun, đón, don, giôn

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