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sun

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sun"
Languages (29)
Translingual • English
Bambara • Bavarian • Cimbrian • Czech • Finnish • Friulian • Hokkien • Inari Sami • Indonesian • Italian • Japanese • Javanese • Kaingang • Kamkata-viri • Ladin • Manchu • Mandarin • Middle English • Mimi of Nachtigal • North Frisian • Old Danish • Quiripi • Romanian • Scots • Vietnamese • Waigali • Yoruba
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Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Sundanese, from Sundanese Sunda.

Symbol

sun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sundanese.

See also

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svàr), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

Alternative forms

Proper noun

the sun

  2. The star that Earth revolves around, and from which it receives light and heat.
Translations
See sun/translations § Proper noun.

Noun

sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

  1. (astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
    • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:
      Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.
  2. The light and heat which are received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
    • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
      Lambs that did frisk in the sun.
    • 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Knight of Provençe, and His Proposal”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 184:
      His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.
  3. (figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
  4. (uncountable, chiefly literary) Sunrise or sunset.
    • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 381, columns 1–2:
      Imo[gen]. […] Prythee ſpeake, / How many ſtore of Miles may we well rid / Twixt houre, and houre? / Piſ[anio]. One ſcore 'twixt Sun, and Sun, / Madam's enough for you: and too much too. / Imo[gen]. Why, one that rode to's Excution Man, / Could neuer go ſo ſlow: […]
    • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Discontents, Cares, Miseries, &c. causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 10, page 110:
      [W]hileſt many an hunger-ſtarved poore creature pines in the ſtreet, wants clothes to cover him, labours hard all day long, runs, rides for a trifle, fights peradventure from Sun to Sun, ſick and ill, weary, full of paine and griefe, is in great diſtreſſe and ſorrow of heart.
    • 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, published 1873, page 357:
      I love these sons of earth every mother's son of them, with their great hearty hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful lest there should not be time between sun and sun to see them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.
    • 1962, Harry S. Truman, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, page 651:
      You see, the President has five jobs, any one of which would be more than a full-time job for one man; but I have to do all five of them between sun and sun.
    • 1997, Alan Dean Foster, Howling Stones, page 149:
      “Tomorrow at first sun.” Not being much of a morning person, she winced internally. “First sun?” “It is the proper time, when the flowers of the pohoroh first open to the light.”
  5. A revolution of the Earth around the Sun; a year.
  6. A transversing of the sky by the Sun; a day.
  7. The nineteenth trump/major arcana card of the tarot.
  8. (cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.
Derived terms
Translations
See sun/translations § Noun.

Verb

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

  1. (transitive) To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun.
    Synonym: apricate
    Beautiful bodies lying on the beach, sunning their bronzed limbs.
    • 2000, William Laurance, Stinging Trees and Wait-a-Whiles: Confessions of a Rainforest Biologist:
      There were lots of zany antics and we tried not to stare too obviously at the beautiful women toplessly sunning themselves...
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
  2. (transitive) To warm or dry in the sunshine.
  3. (intransitive) To be exposed to the sun.
  4. (intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.
Hypernyms
Derived terms
Translations
See sun/translations § Verb.

See also

Etymology 2

From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

Noun

sun (plural suns or sun)

  1. A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

Etymology 3

Noun

sun (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of sunn (“the plant”).

Further reading

Anagrams

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Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

sun

  1. trunk (of tree)
Usage notes

Often used in a compound with the name of a tree to indicate that kind of tree.

Etymology 2

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and sex”), from Classical Syriac ܨܘܡܐ (ṣawmāʾ).

Noun

sun

  1. fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

Noun

sun

  1. to fast

Bavarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.

Noun

sun

  1. (Sauris) son

References

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Cimbrian

Noun

sun m

  1. (Tredici Comuni) son

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Etymology

Deverbal from sunout.

Pronunciation

Noun

sun m inan

  1. slide

Declension

Declension of sun (hard masculine inanimate)
More information singular, plural ...

Further reading

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Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsun/, [ˈs̠un]
  • Rhymes: -un
  • Syllabification(key): sun
  • Hyphenation(key): sun

Etymology 1

Possibly from sun (etymology 2), originally as a replacement of mun, eroded variant of muin which was reinterpreted as the genitive singular of mä.

Conjunction

sun

  1. (coordinating) A coordinating conjunction expressing generality.
    En nyt jouda, kun tässä on sitä sun tätä tekemistä.
    I don't have time for that because I have this and that to do (miscellaneous stuff/things to do).
    Lautanen oli täynnä makaroonilaatikkoa, makkaraa, salaattia, perunamuussia sun muuta pöperöä.
    The plate was full of macaroni casserole, sausage, salad, mashed potatoes and other grub.

Further reading

Etymology 2

Compare standard sinun (“your, yours”) (genitive singular of sinä).

Pronoun

sun

  1. (colloquial) genitive singular of sä
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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin sonus.

Noun

sun m (plural suns)

  1. sound
  2. music

Synonyms

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of sun – see 孫 (“grandchild; grandson; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 孫).

Inari Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *sonë.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun

sun (genitive suu)

  1. he, she, it

See also

More information Inari Sami personal pronouns, singular ...

Further reading

  • sun in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022), Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎, Tromsø: UiT
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsʊn]
  • Hyphenation: sun

Noun

sun (plural sun-sun)

  1. kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting
    Synonym: ciuman

Derived terms

  • mengesun

Further reading

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Italian

Etymology

From su.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

sun

  1. (poetic, rare) alternative form of su used before a vowel
    • mid 13th century–1280s, Ricordano Malispini, “Come Catellino e sua gente sconfissano e amazorono Fiorino; e della venuta di Giulio Cesare con l’oste de’ romani [How Catiline and his people defeated and killed Fiorinus; and of the arrival of Julius Caesar with the Roman host]” (chapter 16), in Istoria antica‎; republished as Istoria antica di Ricordano Malespini gentil'uomo fiorentino dall’edificazione di Fiorenza insino all'anno MCCLXXXI, con l'aggiunta di Giachetto suo nipote dal detto anno per insino al 1286, Florence: Stamperia Giunti, 1568, page 9:
      […] preſſo a monte Giulio Ceſare ſi puoſe la milizia di Magrino […] , & in ſun’unaltro monte preſſo a quello […]
      [ […] presso a Monte Giulio Cesare si puose la milizia di Magrino […] ; e in sun un altro monte, presso a quello […] ]
      […] Macrinus' force was stationed near Mount Julius Caesar […] ; and, on another mountain, near that one […]

Further reading

  • sun in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Japanese

Romanization

sun

  1. Rōmaji transcription of すん

Javanese

Noun

sun

  1. a kiss

Kaingang

Kamkata-viri

Ladin

Manchu

Mandarin

Middle English

Mimi of Nachtigal

North Frisian

Old Danish

Quiripi

Romanian

Scots

Vietnamese

Waigali

Yoruba

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