墩

墩 U+58A9, 墩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A9 ← 墨 [U+58A8] CJK Unified Ideographs 墪 → [U+58AA]

Translingual

Han character

墩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土卜木大 (GYDK), four-corner 4814₇, composition ⿰土敦)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5470
• Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 488, character 19
• Unihan data for U+58A9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		墩
2nd round simp.		敦
alternative forms		墪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
弴	*tjuː, *tuːn
敦	*tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns
錞	*duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun
憝	*duːls
憞	*duːls
譈	*duːls
鐓	*duːls
鷻	*doːn
鶉	*doːn, *djun
惇	*tuːn, *tjun
墩	*tuːn
驐	*tuːn
燉	*tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn
焞	*tʰuːn, *djun
啍	*tʰuːn, *duːn
暾	*tʰuːn
噋	*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
諄	*tjun, *tjuns
埻	*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕	*tjuns
醇	*djun
淳	*djun
犉	*njun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːn): semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dūn (dun¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): deon¹ / dan¹ / dan²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tûn

  (Hailu, HRS): dun^ˋ

• Jin (Wiktionary): dung¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): dŏng / dŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong¹ / duong¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tun

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dun
    • Wade–Giles: tun¹
    • Yale: dwūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
    • Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dūnr
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dunr
    • Wade–Giles: tun¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: dwūnr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duel
    • Palladius: дуньр (dunʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯əɻ⁵⁵/

Note:

• dūnr - “block of stone or wood; seat”.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: deon¹ / dan¹ / dan²
    • Yale: dēun / dān / dán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doen¹ / dan¹ / dan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dên¹ / den¹ / den²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵn⁵⁵/, /tɐn⁵⁵/, /tɐn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: dun^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tun²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: dun^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tun⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏng / dŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ⁵⁵/, /tuŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dong¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: deong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: duong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun
    • Tâi-lô: tun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: twon

Rime
Character	墩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都昆切
Baxter	twon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuən/
Pan Wuyun	/tuon/
Shao Rongfen	/tuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twən/
Li Rong	/tuən/
Wang Li	/tuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	deon1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墩
Reading #	1/1
No.	2600
Phonetic component	敦
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	敦
Old Chinese	/*tuːn/

Definitions

墩

1. mound
2. block of stone or wood
3. to mop (the floor)
4. Classifier for densely growing plants: cluster
5. Classifier for rounds in a card game: trick

Compounds

• 三墩 (Sāndūn)
• 厚墩墩
• 唐家墩 (Tángjiādūn)
• 嚴家墩 / 严家墩 (Yánjiādūn)
• 塔墩
• 墩嘴
• 墩子 (dūnzi)
• 墩布 (dūnbù)
• 墩打
• 墩臺 / 墩台
• 墩鎖 / 墩锁
• 墩闊坦 / 墩阔坦 (Dūnkuòtǎn)
• 徐墩 (Xúdūn)
• 打塔墩
• 搭墩
• 橋墩 / 桥墩 (qiáodūn)
• 樹墩 / 树墩 (shùdūn)
• 矮墩墩 (ǎidūndūn)
• 石墩 (shídūn)
• 磉墩 (sǎngdūn)
• 繡墩 / 绣墩
• 繡墩草 / 绣墩草
• 胖墩兒 / 胖墩儿
• 胖墩墩 (pàngdūndūn)
• 臺墩 / 台墩
• 蒲墩兒 / 蒲墩儿
• 門墩 / 门墩 (méndūn)
• 阿克提坎墩 (Ākètíkǎndūn)
• 雙墩 / 双墩 (Shuāngdūn)
• 響墩 / 响墩 (xiǎngdūn)
• 香墩兒 / 香墩儿
• 齊墩果 / 齐墩果 (qídūnguǒ)

References

• “墩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

Japanese

Kanji

墩

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): とん (ton)

Korean

Hanja

墩 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton)

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Vietnamese

Han character

墩: Hán Nôm readings: đôn

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