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犛
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
犛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十大一竹手 (JKMHQ), four-corner 58251, composition ⿸𠩺牛)
- a black ox, a yak
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №20
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 704, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20154
- Dae Jaweon: page 1116, character 38
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1818, character 5
- Unihan data for U+729B
Chinese
Glyph origin
Etymology
Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States (translated by Jacques, 2022b):
- 不然，巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象，其可盡乎，其又以規為瑱也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
- Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě? [Pinyin]
- ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’
不然，巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象，其可尽乎，其又以规为瑱也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
According to Schuessler (2007), pronunciation lí ← 犛 (OC *rə) is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”), whose genuine cognate is Tamangic *Bprit (Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang, 2021).
Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) also propose that pronunciation máo ← 犛 (OC *mrˁu) could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs [script needed] (ʁbrô), which in turn are cognates to Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “‘gaur’ (← ‘yak’)”), Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”), Shixing [Term?] (HLbõ, “yak”), Proto-Naish *bru (“yak”), Ersuic *bu "male yak", and possibly Muya [script needed] (ndʐõ⁵³, “male yak”) .
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: máo
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: máo
- Wade–Giles: mao2
- Yale: máu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mau
- Palladius: мао (mao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lí
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lí
- Wade–Giles: li2
- Yale: lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei4 / maau4 / mou4
- Yale: lèih / màauh / mòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei4 / maau4 / mou4
- Guangdong Romanization: léi4 / mao4 / mou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯²¹/, /maːu̯²¹/, /mou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: li, loj, maew
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯː/, /*rɯ/, /*maːw/, /*mraːw/
Definitions
犛
- yak
- 獸則𤛑旄貘犛，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜題，窮奇象犀。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 司馬相如 (Sima Xiangru) 《上林賦》 "Rhapsody on the Imperial Park", in 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian. Translated based on Knechtges's (2008) version
- Shòu zé yóng máo mò máo/lí, shěnniú zhǔmí, chìshǒu yuántí, qióngqí xiàng xī. [Pinyin]
- Its animals are: The zebus, hairy yaks, pandas, grunting yaks, plunging bulls, elaphures; red-headed, round-hoofed; extreme extraordinaire, elephants, and rhinoceroses.
兽则𤛑旄貘牦，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜题，穷奇象犀。 [MSC, simp.]
Compounds
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02504
- “犛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
犛
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Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
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