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獄
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 狱
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Translingual
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Han character
獄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition ⿰狺犬)
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
- Unihan data for U+7344
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): juk6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): yeh4
- Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̀
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh7 / gyoeh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yù
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: juk6
- Yale: yuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: juk9
- Guangdong Romanization: yug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiugˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋiuk²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: yeh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyʔ⁵/, /ŋouʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngṳ̆k - literary;
- ngŏk - vernacular.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: goeh7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyøʔ⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
- Tâi-lô: gio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- ga̍k - vernacular;
- ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ghêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ge̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɡek̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Changzhou, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Shaoxing)
- Wugniu: 8gnioq
- MiniDict: nyoh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5nyioq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲioʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /n̠ʲioʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /n̠ʲioʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲioʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /n̠ʲioʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /n̠ʲioʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /n̠ʲioʔ²³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
- (Northern: Haiyan)
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- (Jinhua)
- 5hhioq - common;
- 5nyioq - expected from historical rime.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngjowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]rok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/
Definitions
獄
- prison
- 如有犯法，則司獄在。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
- Rú yǒu fànfǎ, zé sī yù zài. [Pinyin]
- If there are those who break the law, then there are officers and jails to deal with them.
如有犯法，则司狱在。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- lawsuit; case
- 小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Xiǎo dà zhī yù, suī bùnéng chá, bì yǐ qíng. [Pinyin]
- Though unable personally to attend to the details of all trials, big and small, I always demand the facts.
小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Synonyms
Compounds
- 下地獄 / 下地狱
- 三字獄 / 三字狱
- 下獄 / 下狱 (xiàyù)
- 人間地獄 / 人间地狱 (rénjiān dìyù)
- 入獄 / 入狱 (rùyù)
- 具獄 / 具狱
- 典獄 / 典狱 (diǎnyù)
- 典獄長 / 典狱长 (diǎnyùzhǎng)
- 冤獄 / 冤狱 (yuānyù)
- 出獄 / 出狱 (chūyù)
- 劫獄 / 劫狱 (jiéyù)
- 問事獄具 / 问事狱具
- 地獄 / 地狱 (dìyù)
- 執獄 / 执狱
- 外役監獄 / 外役监狱
- 大獄 / 大狱
- 岸獄 / 岸狱
- 左獄 / 左狱
- 巫蠱之獄 / 巫蛊之狱
- 巴士底獄 / 巴士底狱 (Bāshìdǐ Yù)
- 折獄 / 折狱
- 拔舌地獄 / 拔舌地狱
- 政清獄簡 / 政清狱简
- 斃獄 / 毙狱 (bìyù)
- 文字獄 / 文字狱 (wénzìyù)
- 斷獄 / 断狱 (duànyù)
- 梁獄上書 / 梁狱上书
- 死獄 / 死狱
- 決獄 / 决狱
- 決獄斷刑 / 决狱断刑
- 法獄治罪 / 法狱治罪
- 活地獄 / 活地狱 (huódìyù)
- 滿獄 / 满狱
- 炸獄 / 炸狱
- 煉獄 / 炼狱 (liànyù)
- 片言折獄 / 片言折狱
- 牢獄 / 牢狱 (láoyù)
- 牢獄之災 / 牢狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
- 犁舌獄 / 犁舌狱
- 獄人 / 狱人
- 獄卒 / 狱卒 (yùzú)
- 獄吏 / 狱吏 (yùlì)
- 獄子 / 狱子
- 獄掾 / 狱掾
- 獄案 / 狱案
- 獄氣 / 狱气
- 獄犴 / 狱犴
- 獄訟 / 狱讼
- 獄警 / 狱警 (yùjǐng)
- 獄豻 / 狱豻
- 獄貨非寶 / 狱货非宝
- 畫地為獄 / 画地为狱
- 疑獄 / 疑狱 (yíyù)
- 監獄 / 监狱 (jiānyù)
- 競獄 / 竞狱
- 繫獄 / 系狱 (xìyù)
- 聽獄 / 听狱 (tīngyù)
- 胡藍之獄 / 胡蓝之狱
- 蔽獄 / 蔽狱
- 觥籌獄 / 觥筹狱
- 詔獄 / 诏狱 (zhàoyù)
- 讞獄 / 谳狱
- 賣官鬻獄 / 卖官鬻狱
- 越獄 / 越狱 (yuèyù)
- 逃獄 / 逃狱 (táoyù)
- 邊獄 / 边狱
- 酒食地獄 / 酒食地狱
- 鋃鐺入獄 / 锒铛入狱 (lángdāngrùyù)
- 阿呼地獄 / 阿呼地狱
- 阿鼻地獄 / 阿鼻地狱 (ābí dìyù)
- 鬻獄 / 鬻狱 (yùyù)
References
- “獄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “狱”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 289.
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